I think conscience in unconverted people is simply a conditioned response. Look at a child. It would take other peoples things all day if you never taught it that taking things from others is wrong. Conscience in the converted is the conviction of the holy spirit.
I have no doubt that you are capable of telling right from wrong, therefore you are capable of sin.
Now, the mentally challenged or the very young do not have this capacity.
Which of course is the entire argument for infant baptism not being effective in the "saving" of an infant. Since they have no ability to repent from sin, they are still in unrepentent sin.
Sounds to me like the things in these 2 verses happened pretty close together.
"Train up a child in the ways of the Lord" the Old Testament says. Yes, conscience is largely a learned response, cause that is what we have. The Holy Spirit can strengthen you and give you understanding, but the basic of conscience is having a well-formed conscience.
I don't really see there being two different kinds of conscience.
Which of course is the entire argument for infant baptism not being effective in the "saving" of an infant. Since they have no ability to repent from sin, they are still in unrepentent sin.
What unrepentent sin? An infant has no personal sin, only original sin. Baptism is a first step, an initiation.
SD