Cotext is the key. Paul says we Christians are the virgins espoused to Christ in 2 Cor 11
In light of the context, this was a parable. I don’t think Jesus was making a doctrinal statement on who the virgins are. He was simply saying, since we don’t know when the big day will happen, we need to be ready, and keep being ready. The context, I believe, is simple. Be ready.
Yes, the Church is the spotless virgin who is the Bride of Christ. But I don't think this parable is talking about the bride. The "virgins" are bridesmaids at a wedding - they aren't the Bride. God didn't approve of polygamy so they wouldn't be representing the church/Christians who are called the "Bride of Christ". In one view the wise and foolish virgins are representing the Jews - the nation of Israel - who come out of the Tribulation as either believers in Jesus Christ as Messiah and enter into the Millennium or who have rejected Him and they do not.