Perhaps you are somehow unaware that Torah is what Paul preached, every day, everywhere.
In Hebrews 4:2 he makes it clear that the gospel that he preached is the exact gospel that Moses preached, and the difference in effect was a lack of faith.
The body of believers began with Adam. There is zero difference.
The “mystery” that Paul revealed is that Yeshua’s remarriage to the House of Israel to whom Paul preached was not forbidden by Torah because her husband had died.
God has divided nothing, but the sheep and the goats.
What you post is nonsense, its not found in the word, it is in the imagination of a few men. “Now” is when each person has to face his sin and repent. It is a different now for each person. “Time past” was before each person was moved by the Holy Spirit.
The kingdom is in most respects yet to come. We see it darkly, as reflected in a glass, but in that moment at the last trump we will know as we are known.
"Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel." (Matt. 19:28).
Who was Christ speaking to? The twelve Apostles. (In Acts, when Judas is replaced by Matthias, Matthias becomes the twelfth apostle who will sit upon a throne judging the twelve tribes of Israel).
Where does Paul sit in this arrangement? He too was an Apostle, personally commissioned by Christ, and yet, there seems to be no throne for him during the millennial reign. If, as you say, all the apostles taught and were taught the same things, uh, just where will Paul be? Serving the drinks and food?
Obviously, he won't be on one of those thrones, Because he is not one of the twelve that will judge the twelve tribes of Israel. Obviously, because his commission was not the same as the twelve. It is DIFFERENT. As in, NOT THE SAME. If this is different, then, obviously, God differentiates according to His will. You may not like it, but it's HIS plan, not yours.