By the Middle Ages spoken Hebrew was a dead language. The grammar of modern Hebrew was adapted from Arabic - sister Semitic languages - and revived in Andalusia under Muslim rule when Jews were employed as functionaries by the rulers. They were literate, and since they were hated more by the Christians of that age than by their Muslim rulers they could be trusted to not betray their masters. One reason they were expelled or forced to convert (see: Conversos) in 1492 along with all Muslims from Reconquista Spain.
The grammar of modern Hebrew was adapted
What was wrong with the grammar of old Hebrew?