In Defense of the Papacy: 9 Reasons True Christians Follow the Pope

stpeterslist ^ | February 21, 2013 | HHAMBROSE

[NYer]

His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI receives a papal tirara - New Liturgical Movement

In Defense of the Papacy: 9 Reasons True Christians Follow the Pope

by HHAmbrose on Feb 21, 2013 • 11:44 pm No Comments

Listers, glory and honor to God for giving us the grace of the papacy. The Pope is the “Advocate of Christian Memory” and he holds the King’s people to the King’s laws until our Savior returns. Each year on February 22nd the Church celebrates the Cathedra Petri – the Chair of St. Peter.

This feast brings to mind the mission of teacher and pastor conferred by Christ on Peter, and continued in an unbroken line down to the present Pope. We celebrate the unity of the Church, founded upon the Apostle, and renew our assent to the Magisterium of the Roman Pontiff, extended both to truths which are solemnly defined ex cathedra, and to all the acts of the ordinary Magisterium.

The feast of the Chair of Saint Peter at Rome has been celebrated from the early days of the Christian era on 18 January, in commemoration of the day when Saint Peter held his first service in Rome. The feast of the Chair of Saint Peter at Antioch, commemorating his foundation of the See of Antioch, has also been long celebrated at Rome, on 22 February. At each place a chair (cathedra) was venerated which the Apostle had used while presiding at Mass. One of the chairs is referred to about 600 by an Abbot Johannes who had been commissioned by Pope Gregory the Great to collect in oil from the lamps which burned at the graves of the Roman martyrs. — New Catholic Dictionary¹

To commemorate this holy feast day SPL brings you a defense of the papacy with references to Scripture, the Western Church Fathers, the Eastern Church Fathers, and of course, the Medieval Popes.

 

The article addresses the following questions:

1. Did St. Peter hold any primacy amongst the Twelve Apostles?
2. Did Christ charge St. Peter with the office of the papacy?
3. Did St. Peter exercise his ministry from Rome?
4. What about the controversy of Sts. Peter and Paul?
5. Did the papacy continue after St. Peter and if so, to whom?
6. Did the Early Church speak of a hierarchal Church with bishops?
7. What of those who started their own “churches”?
8. What did the Eastern Early Church Fathers say about the Petrine Ministry?
9. Are all people subject to the papacy?

 

The following list is certainly not exhaustive. The Scripture studies alone could fill up volumes and a proper study of Church history is a lifetime of academic work; however, we’ve catalogued a quality sampling of sources with biblical and textual citations in order that you may be able to defend or maybe even discover for the first time the grace of the papacy.

 

Holy Scripture

1. St. Peter was Prince of the Apostles

“Prince of the Apostles” means that St. Peter held a certain primacy over the other eleven. Understanding St. Peter’s unique position among the twelve and the unique ministries he exercised lays an excellent groundwork for a discussion of Christ’s founding of the Papacy. There are three primary topics of focus for exploring the biblical articulation of the primacy of the Petrine ministry.

 

St. Peter’s Place of Primacy Among the Twelve
Sts. Peter, James, and John are a special group of disciples that are allowed to witness the Transfiguration² and accompany Christ to the Mount of Olives.³ In each event, St. Peter, the Rock, is singled out. At the Mount of Olives, Christ finds all three asleep, but it is St. Peter he addresses. During the Transfiguration, it is St. Peter who speaks for the disciples. In St. Luke 5:1-11, Christ calls his first disciples, and the first is Simon Peter. According to Cardinal Ratzinger, the “call of Peter appears as the original pattern of apostolic vocation par excellence.”⁴ Every time the disciples are listed, St. Peter is listed first.⁵ Furthermore, when referring to the disciples, sometimes only St. Peter is mentioned by name, e.g., “And Simon and those who were with him,” and “Now Peter and those who were with him”.⁶ St. Peter is the only one to try to walk on the water (Mt 14:28ff) and he is the one that brings up the famous question of how many times we must forgive.⁷ Even St. Peter’s shadow was an instrument of healing.⁸

 

Significance of the Name Change
While it was common for Rabbis to give nicknames or new surnames to their disciples, e.g., the Sons of Zebedee as the “Sons of Thunder,” it was uncommon to change a disciple’s first name. Christ gives Simon the new name “Peter” or Kephas (or Cephas) meaning rock.⁹ In the Old Testament, God changing someone’s name denoted a special calling, a new vocation, e.g., Abram to Abraham, Sarai to Sarah, Jacob to Israel, etc. St. Peter’s name change denotes that he will have a special vocation among the twelve. Obviously Christ was also referred to as the Rock, because he is the foundation of all things. However, in the rabbinical tradition, Abraham was also referred to as a rock: “Look to the rock from which you were hewn… look to Abraham your father” .¹⁰ Cardinal Ratzinger comments:¹¹

Abraham, the father of faith, is by his faith the rock that holds back chaos, the onrushing primordial flood of destruction, and thus sustains creation. Simon, the first to confess Jesus as the Christ and the first witness of the Resurrection, now becomes by virtue of his Abrahamic faith, which is renewed in Christ, the rock that stands against the impure tide of unbelief and its destruction of man.

 

The Papal Office Given to St. Peter by Christ
After the Resurrection, Christ appears to the Twelve and has a unique conversation with St. Peter. Christ, the Shepherd, asks St. Peter three times if he loves him. St. Peter responds yes all three times – presumably this passage should reflect his three denials. Christ also tell St. Peter and Peter alone: feed my lambs, tend my sheep, and feed my sheep. As the Vicar of Christ, St. Peter must care for the flock.¹² In Lk 22:31-34, two major Petrine themes are evident. First, Satan has taken a special interest in St. Peter. He will fail, but will repent. Second, after St. Peter has “turned again” to Christ, Jesus commissions him to “strengthen the brethren.” Another mission given only to St. Peter.

In Matthew 16:13-20, the most famous unique call is given to St. Peter: to be the foundation of the Church and to exercise the authority of keys of the kingdom. The office given to St. Peter is that of the Vicar within the Davidic Kingdom. The Vicar governs in the King’s stead, according to the King’s rules, while the King is gone.¹³ St. Peter is the Vicar of Christ, the Pope.

 

Concluding Thoughts and Suggested Reading
For all of this information plus a brief handling of the relationship between Sts. Peter and Paul, please reference 13 Biblical Reasons St. Peter is the Prince of the Apostles. The page citations and Scripture references for this section are taken from Cardinal Ratzinger’s Called to Communion, which was featured in The 6 Books by Pope Benedict XVI All Catholics Should Read.

A selection from “Christ’s Charge to Peter,” Raphael (1515)

2. Jesus Christ Founded the Papacy

According to Holy Scripture, the Office of the Papacy was instituted by Jesus Christ. In fact, he was the only person who had the authority to create such a position. SPL’s article 10 Biblical Reasons Christ Founded the Papacy discusses the following questions:

1. What type of kingdom did Christ intend to bring?
2. What role did Christ intend for Saint Peter?
3. What is the biblical backing for St. Peter’s role in accordance with the Davidic Kingdom?
4. What is the position and what is its purpose?
5. What does the Catechism of the Catholic Church say about St. Peter and the Papacy?
6. But in Greek, St. Peter’s name is Petros and Christ says, “upon this petra,” so Christ was not referring to St. Peter, was he?
7. Isn’t Christ The Rock?
8. I am a Christian, how can I follow both Christ and the Pope?
9. How can I have a personal relationship with Christ and have a “middle man,” the Pope?
10. Scripturally, what would be the overall reason Christ would want a Vicar for his Church?

We will address the first three questions here, because they lay out a proper biblical understanding of the Office of the Papacy.

 

1. What type of kingdom did Christ intend to bring?
Jesus Christ was descended from King David and referred to as “Son of David”¹⁴. King David was promised a descendent who would not only “rule forever,” but would sit on “David’s throne” forever¹⁵; thus, any conversation of what is and what is not properly intended by Christ, regarding his Kingdom, must be couched within the template of the Davidic Kingdom¹⁶.

 

2. What role did Christ intend for Saint Peter?
In the district of Caesarea Philippi, Christ asks his disciples “Who do men say that the Son of man is?” St. Peter responds, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” Jesus then says to St. Peter:

And I tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my Church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it. I will give you they of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.

Christ’s intention for the role of St. Peter within the kingdom is twofold: Christ changed Simon Bar-jona’s name to Peter meaning rock and he will be a foundation for Christ’s kingdom on earth, the Church, and secondly, St. Peter is given the “keys of kingdom,” which come with great authority¹⁷. It is important to note this is one of the few times Christ ever mentions the “Church.”

 

3. What is the biblical backing for St. Peter’s role in accordance with the Davidic Kingdom?
If Christ is giving St. Peter a role within his Church, his kingdom of God on earth, then it must be part of the Davidic Kingdom. The symbols of authority given to St. Peter are the “keys of the kingdom.” Looking to the Old Testament, it is clear that Christ is rewording a passage from Isaiah that speaks of a position within the Davidic Kingdom:

And I will place on his should the key of the house of David; he shall open, and none shall shut; and he shall shut, and none shall open. And I will fasten him like a peg in a sure place, and he will become a throne of honor to his father’s house.

Here a position within the Davidic Kingdom is described which has the key of authority to open and close, and is considered a position of security and authority when the King is away. Christ, who will sit on David’s throne forever, is using an Old Testament verse to elucidate a New Testament Kingdom position.

 

A section of the “Martyrdom of St. Peter” by Leonello Spada (1576–1622)

Early Church

3. St. Peter Exercised his Ministry from Rome

Bl. John Henry Newman said it best: “To be deep in history is to cease to be Protestant.” History paints an overwhelming picture of St. Peter’s apostolic ministry in Rome and this is confirmed by a multitude of different sources within the Early Church. Catholic Encyclopedia states:

“In opposition to this distinct and unanimous testimony of early Christendom, some few Protestant historians have attempted in recent times to set aside the residence and death of Peter at Rome as legendary. These attempts have resulted in complete failure.”

Protestantism as a whole seeks to divorce Christianity from history by rending Gospel message out of its historical context as captured by our Early Church Fathers. One such target of these heresies is to devalue St. Peter and to twist the authority of Rome into a historical mishap within Christianity. To wit, the belief has as its end the ultimate end of all Catholic and Protestant dialogue – who has authority in Christianity?

The article 11 Reasons the Authority of Christianity is Centered on St. Peter and Rome is a sampling of the praise of and adherence to the Petrine Ministry – The Papacy. While the list gives three quality examples of Scripture connecting St. Peter with Rome, we will look here at a few choice quotes from the Early Church.

 

Taught in the Same Place in Italy
Bishop Dionysius of Corinth, in his letter to the Roman Church in the time of Pope Soter (165-74), says:

“You have therefore by your urgent exhortation bound close together the sowing of Peter and Paul at Rome and Corinth. For both planted the seed of the Gospel also in Corinth, and together instructed us, just as they likewise taught in the same place in Italy and at the same time suffered martyrdom” (in Eusebius, Church History II.25).

 

St. Peter Announced the Word of God in Rome
In his “Hypotyposes” (Eusebius, Church History IV.14), Clement of Alexandria, teacher in the catechetical school of that city from about 190, says on the strength of the tradition of the presbyters:

“After Peter had announced the Word of God in Rome and preached the Gospel in the spirit of God, the multitude of hearers requested Mark, who had long accompanied Peter on all his journeys, to write down what the Apostles had preached to them” (see above).

 

Come to the Vatican and See for Yourself
The Roman, Caius, who lived in Rome in the time of Pope Zephyrinus (198-217), wrote in his “Dialogue with Proclus” (in Eusebius, Church History II.25) directed against the Montanists:

“But I can show the trophies of the Apostles. If you care to go to the Vatican or to the road to Ostia, thou shalt find the trophies of those who have founded this Church.”

By the trophies (tropaia) Eusebius understands the graves of the Apostles, but his view is opposed by modern investigators who believe that the place of execution is meant. For our purpose it is immaterial which opinion is correct, as the testimony retains its full value in either case. At any rate the place of execution and burial of both were close together; St. Peter, who was executed on the Vatican, received also his burial there. Eusebius also refers to “the inscription of the names of Peter and Paul, which have been preserved to the present day on the burial-places there” (i.e. at Rome).

 

Sts. Peter and Paul, pray for us.

4. The Early Church on Sts. Peter and Paul

“Many modern day academics enjoy setting St. Peter and St. Paul in enmity with one another,” states SPL author Catherine, “however, the over emphasis of Galatians 2:11-14 by modern scholarship fails to acknowledge that even though they had a disagreement their mission of spreading the Gospel was the same. In this spirit, I present to you five reflections by members of the early church on the mutual impact that St. Peter and Paul had on the early church. Prayerfully ask the Holy Spirit to let St. Peter and St. Paul’s example of faithfulness unto death be your focus today and everyday.” Out of Catherine’s excellent list, we will focus on one particular passage by St. Irenaeus:

Since, however, it would be very tedious, in such a volume as this, to reckon up the successions of all the Churches, we do put to confusion all those who, in whatever manner, whether by an evil self-pleasing, by vainglory, or by blindness and perverse opinion, assemble in unauthorized meeting; [we do this, I say] by indicating that tradition derived from the apostles, of the very great, the very ancient, and universally known Church founded and organized at Rome by the two most glorious apostles, Peter and Paul; also [by pointing out] the faith they preached to men, which comes down to our time by means of the successions of the bishops. For it is a matter of necessity that every Church should agree with this Church, on account of its preeminent authority, that is, the faithful everywhere, inasmuch as the apostolical tradition has been preserved continuously by those [faithful men] who exist everywhere.
Against Heresies 3.3.2.

Along with the above quote, the other four passages from the Early Church demonstrate the Fathers focusing on Sts. Peter and Paul as brothers in the faith and fellow martyrs – not enemies vying for power within the Church. For a more biblical focus of the relationship between Sts. Peter and Paul see the above-mentioned list on St. Peter as Prince of the Apostles.

 

Crucifixion of St. Peter – Masaccio, AD 1426

5. The First Popes of the Catholic Church

In cataloguing the first ten popes of the Catholics Church, SPL hoped to address a few misconceptions. The first would be that the office of the papacy was simply given to St. Peter and then closed upon his death. The necessity of a Vicar of Christ with the Keys of Kingdom is present until the King returns and the Keys are returned to him. Secondly, we hoped to address the pernicious error that the papacy is a historical fiction within the Early Church and it did not materialize until medieval times. For our purposes, we’ll select the two popes that followed St. Peter from The First 10 Popes of the Catholic Church.

 

Pope St. Linus (67-76)
All the ancient records of the Roman bishops which have been handed down to us by St. Irenaeus, Julius Africanus, St. Hippolytus, Eusebius, also the Liberian catalogue of 354, place the name of Linus directly after that of the Prince of the Apostles, St. Peter. These records are traced back to a list of the Roman bishops which existed in the time of Pope Eleutherus (about 174-189), when Irenaeus wrote his book “Adversus haereses”. As opposed to this testimony, we cannot accept as more reliable Tertullian’s assertion, which unquestionably places St. Clement (De praescriptione, xxii) after the Apostle Peter, as was also done later by other Latin scholars (Jerome, Illustrious Men 15). The Roman list in Irenaeus has undoubtedly greater claims to historical authority. This author claims that Pope Linus is the Linus mentioned by St. Paul in his 2 Timothy 4:21. The passage by Irenaeus (Against Heresies III.3.3) reads:

After the Holy Apostles (Peter and Paul) had founded and set the Church in order (in Rome) they gave over the exercise of the episcopal office to Linus. The same Linus is mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to Timothy. His successor was Anacletus.

We cannot be positive whether this identification of the pope as being the Linus mentioned in 2 Timothy 4:21 goes back to an ancient and reliable source, or originated later on account of the similarity of the name.

 

Pope St. Anacletus (Cletus) (76-88)
The second successor of St. Peter. Whether he was the same as Cletus, who is also called Anencletus as well as Anacletus, has been the subject of endless discussion. Irenaeus, Eusebius, Augustine, Optatus, use both names indifferently as of one person. Tertullian omits him altogether. To add to the confusion, the order is different. Thus Irenaeus has Linus, Anacletus, Clement; whereas Augustine and Optatus put Clement before Anacletus. On the other hand, the “Catalogus Liberianus”, the “Carmen contra Marcionem” and the “Liber Pontificalis”, all most respectable for their antiquity, make Cletus and Anacletus distinct from each other; while the “Catalogus Felicianus” even sets the latter down as a Greek, the former as a Roman.

 

The Martyrdom of Saint Clement c. 1480

6. The Apostles Appointed Bishops

The Early Church was the Early Catholic Church. First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians is an orthodox window into the infancy of the Church (AD 97) and particularly into the structure of the Church. The Early Church is not an ambiguous or mysterious time. It is a well recorded period with a great number of writings from the Early Church Fathers. Clement lived in Rome only a stone’s throw away from the Coliseum. He is seen as a successor to St. Peter and is considered the fourth Pope of Rome, following St. Peter, St. Linus and St. Anacletus.

Chapter XLII outlines a clear theology of succession from Christ to the Apostles to the Bishops of the Church. As an early Christian, how do you know if you belonged to the true Church? Well, does your community have a bishop? Did your bishop come from the Apostles who came from Christ our Lord who came from God the Father? It should be stressed this epistle is dated AD 97.

“The apostles have preached the gospel to us from the Lord Jesus Christ; Jesus Christ [has done so] from God. Christ therefore was sent forth by God, and the apostles by Christ. Both these appointments, then, were made in an orderly way, according to the will of God. Having therefore received their orders, and being fully assured by the resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ, and established in the word of God, with full assurance of the Holy Ghost, they went forth proclaiming that the kingdom of God was at hand. And thus preaching through countries and cities, they appointed the first fruits [of their labours], having first proved them by the Spirit, to be bishops and deacons of those who should afterwards believe. Nor was this any new thing, since indeed many ages before it was written concerning bishops and deacons. For thus says the Scripture in a certain place, I will appoint their bishops in righteousness, and their deacons in faith.”

 

In Chapter XLIV, St. Clement shuts the book on any doubt that the apostles chose and declared men to lead as bishops after their death. It is apostolic succession in a clear and practical manner articulated in AD 97.

“Our apostles also knew, through our Lord Jesus Christ, that there would be strife on account of the office of the episcopate. For this reason, therefore, inasmuch as they had obtained a perfect fore-knowledge of this, they appointed those [ministers] already mentioned, and afterwards gave instructions, that when these should fall asleep, other approved men should succeed them in their ministry. We are of opinion, therefore, that those appointed by them, or afterwards by other eminent men, with the consent of the whole church, and who have blamelessly served the flock of Christ, in a humble, peaceable, and disinterested spirit, and have for a long time possessed the good opinion of all, cannot be justly dismissed from the ministry. For our sin will not be small, if we eject from the episcopate those who have blamelessly and holily fulfilled its duties. Blessed are those presbyters who, having finished their course before now, have obtained a fruitful and perfect departure [from this world]; for they have no fear lest any one deprive them of the place now appointed them. But we see that you have removed some men of excellent behaviour from the ministry, which they fulfilled blamelessly and with honour.”

It is important to note the universal authority in which Pope St. Clement I is writing. One cannot miss how early in the life of the Church this writing is and how the Church is already a hierarchal body that respects the teachings of the Bishop of Rome. Pope St. Clement I even commands the Corinthians at one point – this note and other are commented on in The Apostles Appointed Bishops: 9 Teachings from St. Clement AD 97.

 

The Schismatics of Dante’s Inferno by Gustave

7. Those Who Start Their Own Church Follow the Voice of Satan

The Pope as the Vicar of Christ and as the Advocate of Christian Memory stands as tent peg holding down the Universal Church of Christ, and no list on Church unity would be complete without the (in)famous epistle of St. Cyprian, AD 250.

Our Lord Jesus Christ is not returning to our world for a harem of “churches.” There is One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church and it was founded by Christ and charged by him to St. Peter and the Apostles. However, there are now and always have been those groups that attempt to rend Christ from his Church – to recreate that which God gave us, the Church. In AD 250, St. Cyprian wrote an outstanding work entitled On the Unity of the Church. The epistle focuses especially on the topic of schism and those who would set themselves up as Church leaders and/or start their own “churches.” Without question, these groups are proto-protestant groups and the saint’s arguments apply just as much to our modern schismatic and heretical groups as they did to his ancient schismatic groups.¹⁸

 

The New Way of Satan

“He [Satan] has invented heresies and schisms, whereby he might subvert the faith, might corrupt the truth, might divide the unity. Those whom he cannot keep in the darkness of the old way [paganism], he circumvents and deceives by the error of a new way [schism/heresy]. He snatches men from the Church itself; and while they seem to themselves to have already approached to the light, and to have escaped the night of the world, he pours over them again, in their unconsciousness, new darkness.”

 

Upon This Rock

“There is easy proof for faith in a short summary of the truth. The Lord speaks to Peter, saying, “I say unto thee, that thou art Peter; and upon this rock I will build my Church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. And I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven; and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound also in heaven, and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.” And again to the same He says, after His resurrection, “Feed my sheep.”

 

Can the Spouse of Christ Be Adulterous?

“The spouse of Christ cannot be adulterous; she is uncorrupted and pure. She knows one home; she guards with chaste modesty the sanctity of one couch. She keeps us for God. She appoints the sons whom she has born for the kingdom. Whoever is separated from the Church and is joined to an adulteress, is separated from the promises of the Church; nor can he who forsakes the Church of Christ attain to the rewards of Christ. He is a stranger; he is profane; he is an enemy. He can no longer have God for his Father, who has not the Church for his mother.”

 

Those Who Start Their Own Church Vomit Poison

“These are they who of their own accord, without any divine arrangement, set themselves to preside among the daring strangers assembled, who appoint themselves prelates without any law of ordination, who assume to themselves the name of bishop, although no one gives them the episcopate; whom the Holy Spirit points out in the Psalms as sitting in the seat of pestilence, plagues, and spots of the faith, deceiving with serpent’s tongue, and artful in corrupting the truth, vomiting forth deadly poisons from pestilential tongues; whose speech doth creep like a cancer, whose discourse forms a deadly poison in the heart and breast of every one.”

 

Priests and Sacrifice

“What sacrifices do those who are rivals of the priests think that they celebrate? Do they deem that they have Christ with them when they are collected together, who are gathered together outside the Church of Christ?”

Without a doubt this epistle of St. Cyprian is one of the most quotable letters of the Early Church Fathers. For more commentary and more unabashed Catholic quotes visit Those Who Start Their Own Church Follow the Voice of Satan: 11 Teachings from St. Cyprian AD 250.

 

St. John Chrysostom, pray for us.

8. The Eastern Fathers Supported the Petrine Ministry

Often times the papacy is misunderstood a “characteristic” of Western Christianity. In fact, nothing could be farther from the truth. The Catholic Church embraces the Eastern Catholic Churches along with the Roman Church and they are united in doctrine under the Holy Father, the Pope. SPL has catalogue an extensive collection of quotes from the Eastern Church Fathers supporting the Petrine Ministry.

St. Sophronius, Patriarch of Jerusalem (d. A.D. 638)

“Teaching us all orthodoxy and destroying all heresy and driving it away from the God-protected halls of our holy Catholic Church. And together with these inspired syllables and characters, I accept all his (the pope’s) letters and teachings as proceeding from the mouth of Peter the Coryphaeus, and I kiss them and salute them and embrace them with all my soul … I recognize the latter as definitions of Peter and the former as those of Mark, and besides, all the heaven-taught teachings of all the chosen mystagogues of our Catholic Church.” – Sophronius, Mansi, xi. 461

 

St. Theodore the Studite of Constantinople (d. 826)
Writing to Pope Leo III:

Since to great Peter Christ our Lord gave the office of Chief Shepherd after entrusting him with the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven, to Peter or his successor must of necessity every novelty in the Catholic Church be referred. [Therefore], save us, oh most divine Head of Heads, Chief Shepherd of the Church of Heaven. (Theodore, Bk. I. Ep. 23)

 

Sergius, Metropolitain of Cyprus (649)
Writing to Pope Theodore:

O Holy Head, Christ our God hath destined thy Apostolic See to be an immovable foundation and a pillar of the Faith. For thou art, as the Divine Word truly saith, Peter, and on thee as a foundation-stone have the pillars of the Church been fixed. (Sergius Ep. ad Theod. lecta in Sess. ii. Concil. Lat. anno 649)

 

SPL has listed over 50 quotes of the Eastern Church Fathers: The Early Church in Jerusalem Followed the Pope: 7 Quotes from History, Constantinople: 25 Quotes from the Eastern Fathers on the Petrine Ministry, and Rome is the Apostolic Throne: 24 Quotes from Alexandria, Antioch, and Cyprus.

 

St. Peter, Prince of the Apostles, Vicar of Christ, pray for us.

Medieval

9. All Human Creatures Are Subject to the Pope

The following is a short compilation of quotes taken from previous Ecumenical Pontiffs of Rome: “Outside the Church there is no hope for salvation.” These quotes show us the confidence that our previous Bishops of Rome have had in their authority given by God Himself to be the Vicar of Christ here on Earth. As St. Augustine said, “Rome has spoken, the case is closed.”

“The universal Church of the faithful is one outside of which none is saved.”
Pope Innocent III, ex cathedra, Fourth Lateran Council (1215 AD)

 

“We declare, say , define, and pronounce that it is absolutely necessary for the salvation of every human creature to be subject to the Roman Pontiff.”
Pope Boniface VIII, Unam Sanctam (1302 AD)

 

“You see, dearly beloved sons and venerable brothers, how much vigilance is needed to keep the disease of this terrible evil from infecting and killing your flocks. Do not cease to diligently defend your people against these pernicious errors. Saturate them with the doctrine of Catholic truth more accurately each day. Teach them that just as there is only one God, one Christ, one Holy Spirit, so there is also only one truth which is divinely revealed. There is only one divine faith which is the beginning of salvation for mankind and the basis of all justification, the faith by which the just person lives and without which it is impossible to please God and to come to the community of His children.[Rom 1; Heb 11; Council of Trent, session 6, chap. 8.] There is only one true, holy, Catholic church, which is the Apostolic Roman Church. There is only one See founded in Peter by the word of the Lord,[St. Cyprian, epistle 43.] outside of which we cannot find either true faith or eternal salvation. He who does not have the Church for a mother cannot have God for a father, and whoever abandons the See of Peter on which the Church is established trusts falsely that he is in the Church.[St. Cyprian,de unitat. Eccl.] Thus, there can be no greater crime, no more hideous stain than to stand up against Christ, than to divide the Church engendered and purchased by His blood, than to forget evangelical love and to combat with the furor of hostile discord the harmony of the people of God.[St. Cyprian, epistle 72.]“
Blessed Pope Pius IX, Singulari Quidem

 

Happy Feast of the Chair of St. Peter, listers.

 

1. Introduction to the Chair of St. Peter – SOURCE [↩]
2. Mark 9:2-8 [↩]
3. Mark 14:33 [↩]
4. Called to Communion, by Cardinal Ratzinger, 54 [↩]
5. Matt 10:2-4; Mk 3:16-19; Lk 6:14-16; Acts 1:13 [↩]
6. Mk 1:36; Lk 9:32 [↩]
7. Mt 18:21 [↩]
8. Acts 5 [↩]
9. John 1:42; Mt 16 [↩]
10. Is 51:1-3 [↩]
11. 56 [↩]
12. John 21 [↩]
13. Is. 22 [↩]
14. Matt 1:1-2; 9:27-29; Mk 10:47, 48 [↩]
15. I Chron 17:14; Ps 89:35-36; Luke1:31 [↩]
16. cf. Is. 9:6-7; 11:1-3; Jer 33:14-15, 17, 19-21, 26; Ps 132:10-14, 17; Luke 1:31-33, 68-71; II Tim 2:8; Rev 5:5, 22:16; Rom 1:3 [↩]
17. Matt 16:13-20 [↩]
18. Novatian: Another impetus of the epistle was the first “anti-pope” who attempted to claim he was holier than the rest of the Church and claimed moral superiority, especially in not wanting to ever extend forgiveness to sins post-baptism. [↩]

Tags: Apologetics, Apostles, Apostolic Succession, Early Church Fathers, Eastern Catholic, Jesus Christ, Papacy, Quotes, Salvation, Scripture

[Syncro]

Everything you have said/ claimed I have investigated and refuted to my satisfaction.

Thanks you for helping me understand Catholicism.

My claim: "No, the truth is found in Jesus."

You investigated and refuted.

My claim: "Jesus founded HIS church, the body of Christ with Himself as the head."

You investigated and refuted.

You are preaching the wrong sermon to the wrong guy.

Many have said that until they obtained eyes to see and ears to hear.

"I left the [Catholic] Church...and after spending several years studying theology and history made my way back in.

That makes sense.

Study the Bible and hopefully you can enter into the Body of Christ--which is the church that Jesus invites everyone to enter who hears His words and believes.

Actual quotes from scripture:

Ezekiel 12:2-- Son of man, thou dwellest in the midst of a rebellious house, which have eyes to see, and see not; they have ears to hear, and hear not: for they are a rebellious house.

Mark 8:18-- Having eyes, see ye not? and having ears, hear ye not? and do ye not remember?

[Boogieman]

“How does a purely invisible church adjudicate between two earthly people who have a dispute?”

I didn’t say I thought the church was purely invisible, just that it is a primarily spiritual organization, and not a physical one. Obviously, the spiritual church has a physical presence on earth, since many members of the church are physically living on the planet at any particular time. The problem is mistaking that physical presence of a spiritual organization for a physical organization, and then giving the physical organization a greater prominence than the spiritual.

In the NT, the spiritual things are always placed on a higher level than the physical, for example, when speaking of the nature of sins, or what we should value as treasures. So, it is clear that the spiritual church, of which Christ is the head, is superior to any physical organization that Peter may have been the head of, or any of its descendants.

[Mrs. Don-o]

"So, it is clear that the spiritual church, of which Christ is the head, is superior to any physical organization that Peter may have been the head of, or any of its descendants."

A false dichotomy. Christ said to Peter, "And on this rock I will build MY Church." Christ's church IS Peter's church. That's what Christ said.

Just like a human being is both spiritual and physical, Jesus founded upon the rock of Peter a physical and spiritual Church, and told people to go to it when they have a grievance. You can't "go to" an invisible church with your brother to get an authoritative ruling on your dispute. A Church has to be visible to bind and loose in Christ's Name.

While Jesus is only recorded using the word "church" 2 times in the Gospels, "Church" appears 70 times in the Epistles. Here are the things that the Church is told to do:

• see that there are no divisions
• be one in mind and heart
• Bishops appoint elders in every town
• the elders who direct the affairs of the Church are to be held "worthy of double honor" for their preaching and teaching
• pray over the sick and anoint them with oil
• come together to eat and drink of the Lord's Body and Blood
• accept appointed apostles, prophets, teachers, miracle-workers, healers, helpers, administration
• be built up by spiritual gifts
• conduct orderly worship
• bear persecution patiently
• every Sunday, set aside money for needy churches
• select representatives
• Christ works through the Church, that "the manifold wisdom of God should be made known".

This clearly shows a Church which is both visible and invisible, which is both under the headship of Christ, and under His appointed administrators. It's not one Church in Matthew and a different Church entirely in Peter and James, Timothy and Titus.

These are legitimate churches which make up the Church. They have successors. This is a continuous process which has never ceased, in all of its many conflicts and travails never suffered a total irreparable rupture, in any century since the first, and to this very day.

[verga]

I will pray for you.

[Boogieman]

“A false dichotomy. Christ said to Peter, “And on this rock I will build MY Church.” Christ’s church IS Peter’s church. That’s what Christ said.”

Yes, yes, we’ve all heard the Catholic interpretation of that verse a thousand times already. If that was sufficient to convince Christians of the authority of the Pope to stand in the place of Christ, then it would have happened already. The fact is, not even all of the original churches planted by the Apostles hold to that interpretation, so why should I believe the private Roman interpretation?

[Boogieman]

“The authority of the Bible itself — its very identity as authentic Sacred Scripture, the list of its very books -— was established by the practice of the Church from the first centuries.”

Well, it may have passed through the hands of the church, but it, an its authority, came from God, not from any men.

[Boogieman]

Oh yeah, I just want to comment on this:

“This is a continuous process which has never ceased, in all of its many conflicts and travails never suffered a total irreparable rupture, in any century since the first, and to this very day.”

It’s quite easy to never suffer an irreparable rupture, if you just slice limbs off the body when they disagree with you, which the Catholic church has done several times over the millenia. So, those within the church who might have caused such a rupture are simply pronounced outside the church, and with a rhetorical flourish, the possibility is avoided.

In this way, all Catholics now agree that it is appropriate to call Mary the “Mother of God”, because those Christians who refused to accept that title were cut off and said to no longer be “true Christians”. Even if everyone doesn’t agree, with the stroke of a pen, everyone now agrees!

[Mrs. Don-o]

Well, all of the original churches planted by the Apostles believed then, and still believe now, in Apostolic Succession. Can you name one that doesn't?

The exact nature of a Petrine ministry -- a ministry given to Peter by Christ after the Resurrection, in the service of unity, of "confirming the brethren" -- has been argued about, and is argued still. But even at that, the Petrine Ministry question did not divide the church in schism for the first thousand years. The schism that then lamentably ensued did not disrupt the Petrine Succession; and both of the ecclesial communities (Catholic and Orthodox) divided by this schism, still carry on Apostolic Succession --- mutually recognized between them --- to this day.

That's no priate interpretation. It's worldwide belief and practice for 2,000 years, which we received from the APostles, whose whole authority is from Christ.

And if it's not public, then the word "public" has no meaning. It's the most public, manifest, and continuous Christian teaching, praying, governing body in the history of the world.

[Mrs. Don-o]

Total agreement on that!

The authority of the Bible itself — its very identity as authentic Sacred Scripture, the list of its very books -— was established by the practice of the Church from the first centuries.”

Well, it may have passed through the hands of the church, but it, an its authority, came from God, not from any men.

That's exactly right, boogie! Its authority comes from God, and this was passed on through the hands of the Church, deriving from God, not men.

[Mrs. Don-o]

Total agreement on that!

The authority of the Bible itself — its very identity as authentic Sacred Scripture, the list of its very books -— was established by the practice of the Church from the first centuries.”

Well, it may have passed through the hands of the church, but it, an its authority, came from God, not from any men.

That's exactly right, boogie! Its authority comes from God, and this was passed on through the hands of the Church, deriving from God, not men.

[Boogieman]

I’m wasn’t speaking of apostolic succession, but papal supremacy, but I see how you can apply that verse to either concept. I just don’t think that is correct. The Bible says that all who believe in Christ are part of the body of Christ, so they are all part of this church. This must include people who died before the Catholic church existed, who could never have darkened the doors of one of its franchises. Therefore, the church spoken of as the Body of Christ can’t be limited to one subset of it, even if that subset has an impressive vintage.

[Mrs. Don-o]

Your point about the Church over the centuries suffering various schisms, desertions, dissentions, declaring interdicts, falling into disunity --- is indisputable.

But I must fault myself for not making my point clear. When I said the Church had not suffered a "total irreparable rupture," I just meant that her existence has been continuous. There have neve been a gap or hiatus in time, from the Apostles' day until now, in which there was no Succession, no Catholic Church.

Surely there were departures. Some of them cause by faults on the part of priests, bishops, cardinals, and popes on the Catholic side. (I personally think that Cardinal Humbert of Moyenmoutier on the Catholic side was almost totally unjustified in his actions in 1054, typefying multiple offenses committed by the Latins --- don't get me started!!) --- But none of these caused a rupture in the very existence of the Catholic Church.

Here's where the human and ugly side of the Church comes in --- Paul discusses that even in his earlies epistles --- the spirit of faction, ego, self-promotion, pride, discord. There is plenty of biggetty-britches spirit all around. It does serious and lasting harm. But even all this sin has never closed down the Church.

Reconciliations are still possible. They still, through the power of the Spirit, happen. Christ Himself prayed for "one flock, shpeherd." You and I, let's pray for this as well, for His sake.

[PeevedPatriot]

So much for my fast!

In James 5:16 ...I don't think it is saying ONLY do so with a priest - since there is NO mention of one

That passage is set in the context of priestly anointing of the sick. The Greek word for "elder" in that context is presbuterous, which as you probably remember from your Catholic days, is the root for the English word priest. You probably also remember the priesthood referred to as the presbyterate. (Even if you're one who disputes the word as referring to a priest, nonCatholics I know still interpret it as one with a position of authority in the church.) The verse put in context of the verses immediately preceding it is confession as part of the priest's healing ministry.

Though I don't think a pastor has any power to forgive sins as a stand-in for God (only God can forgive sins),

Jesus gave the apostles the power to forgive sins in his name (Jn 20:22-23), did he not? The terms "binding and loosing" (Mt 18:18) as I understand them are terms that refer to membership or exclusion in the worship community. Because we hurt the entire body of Christ by our sin, our confessions as Catholics reconcile us back into the Church and among one another. Our sins aren't only personal but also a corporate matter. Jesus showed us this when he cured the leper and then instructed him to present himself to the priest so that the priest could formally readmit him to the worship community after his time of uncleanliness.

we can go directly to the throne of grace through Christ and know that God is faithful to forgive us our sins and cleanse us from all unrighteousness.

Indeed. I do the same. For Catholics it's not either/or but both/and. Scripture tells us that confession is something we do with our mouth, not our mind and heart alone (Rom 10:10) whether it's confession of sin or confession of one's faith. The Greek homologeo, often translated as "confess," is not something done in silent prayer but aloud. The original language tells us that oral confession is referred to in the verse you cited, assuming you're referring to 1 Jn 1:9.

Oral confession of sins isn't a Catholic concoction by the way. In the OT we see confession in the context of priests offering sacrifice for sin (Lv 5:5 and Nm 5:7). In Matthew and Mark we see confession as part of John's baptism.

We are ALL ministers to each other.

Yes. Scripture also says that we don't all share the same function (Rom 12:4).

Peace be with you.

[Nifster]

your understanding of the New Testament and its original languages is lacking.

Jesus said specifically the “I am the Truth, the Light, the way”.

Look you will not convince me by using your catholic understanding of the New testament.

I will not respond further.

[Nifster]

and by the by....uncle marty is also ignorant of the history of the Bible.

[boatbums]

Jesus promised a special authority to those to whom he said, "I give you the power to bind and to loose" and "He who hears you, hears Me."

Yes, Jesus did. He specifically gave that power and commission to individuals for a specific purpose - the establishment of the church age and the winning of souls to Christ who would make up that body. Nowhere do we read that these SPECIFIC individuals were given authority by Christ to ALSO pass down that same power and authority that Christ gave to them. These early leaders faithfully accomplished what Jesus entrusted them to do and the Body of Christ grew exponentially as the Gospel spread throughout the known world. As they led souls to Christ and discipled them, they ordained those who were enabled by the gifts of the Holy Spirit to be pastors, teachers, evangelists for the edification of the members of each local assembly. These men also, in turn, ensured the gospel truth was preserved and passed on. The "succession" was one of truth and not of persons or primacy of stature.

When it became obvious to the Apostles that Jesus was not returning imminently, they, through the inspiration and leading of the Holy Spirit, wrote down all that Jesus had taught them as well as additional truths he revealed to them through the Holy Spirit as they grew in the grace and knowledge of Christ. The Divinely-inspired writings were copied and passed on to each local church from the Apostles, themselves and their authority was automatically received. We STILL have those writings today and they stand as the one, true, OBJECTIVE authority for the rule of faith for all Christians.

Any person or organization that stands up and proclaims it, alone, is the ONLY true church must first prove Jesus was talking about there being a SINGLE organized institution and not a spiritual body made of believers from all times and places. Just because a group claims to be the one, true church, doesn't mean that they are.

So, how would we know which "church" is teaching the truth? NOT because they say they are, but ONLY if what they teach can be proved by the ONE, TRUE, OBJECTIVE authority God made sure we have - the Holy Scriptures. The early church "fathers" believed this. All the Apostles certainly believed it.

As for you, see that what you have heard from the beginning remains in you. If it does, you also will remain in the Son and in the Father. And this is what he promised us—eternal life. I am writing these things to you about those who are trying to lead you astray. As for you, the anointing you received from him remains in you, and you do not need anyone to teach you. But as his anointing teaches you about all things and as that anointing is real, not counterfeit—just as it has taught you, remain in him. (I John 2:24-27)

[verga]

your understanding of the New Testament and its original languages is lacking.

Two semesters of Koine Greek and and A in both. I don't call that lacking.

[terycarl]

Oops, scroll up a bit to where you backed off of the 2013 years and changed it to after Jesus was resurrected. Your inconsistency seems to be your only trait that is consistent.

oh please..

[terycarl]

Oops, scroll up a bit to where you backed off of the 2013 years and changed it to after Jesus was resurrected. Your inconsistency seems to be your only trait that is consistent.

oh please..

[terycarl]

Not anything I could say about your post except to document that in your post scriptural truths are denied and salvation is ridiculed, and your post ends with a foolish game played in your church's basement IIRC.

you are great!!!not well informed, but great BINGO in any establishment is meant to raise moneey....when it is held in a Catholic hall, you can be assured that the money is distributed to CHARITY....that is what Catholic churches do.....give to the poor.