patlin - your arguement on this point is greatly flawed. You are quoting Romans 4:3 - a letter written in Greek, not Hebrew, therefore the GREEK definition of "believe" is what matters, not a Hebrew translation. Variations also found in Gal 3:6 and James 2:26 and in ALL THREE cases, the Greek for "believed" is pisteuō (to think to be true, to be persuaded of, to credit, place confidence in), NOT 'establish'.
The Hebrew equivalent from which the Greek was taken is “shama” shaw-mah’
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively to tell, etc.): - X attentively, call (gather) together, X carefully, X certainly, consent, consider, be content, declare, X diligently, discern, give ear, (cause to, let, make to) hear (-ken, tell), X indeed, listen, make (a) noise, (be) obedient, obey, perceive, (make a) proclaim (-ation), publish, regard, report, shew (forth), (make a) sound, X surely, tell, understand, whosoever [heareth], witness.
whose sister word is aman aw-man’
properly to build up or support; to foster as a parent or nurse; figuratively to render (or be) firm or faithful, to trust or believe, to be permanent or quiet; morally to be true or certain; once (in Isa_30:21; by interchange for H541) to go to the right hand: - hence assurance, believe, bring up, establish, + fail, be faithful (of long continuance, stedfast, sure, surely, trusty, verified), nurse, (-ing father), (put), trust, turn to the right.
Amen = so be it - as you say, I will do without question
One can not properly interpret the writings of 1st century writers without at least some knowledge of the history, customs & idioms from unbiased sources. The Temple Institute is a great source for this information because they are more interested in preserving history based on actual hitorical integrity rather than with religious bias. The Torah brought back from Babylon by the house of Judah when they returned and which was the Torah used to read from in the synagogues from Moses seat was not written in Greek. If it had, the Hebrew/Aramaic language would have been extinct well before Yah'shua was born & would be completely extinct today. But that is not the case now is it? YHVH said HE always has & always will kept a remnant of HIS House who keep HIS pure language in order to preserve HIS WORD. The house of Judah has been very faithful children. Thank YHVH they have and may YHVH continue to Bless & protect them.