Isaiah had no idea that his prophecy in chapter 53 concerned Jesus. Israel thought it referred to it and to this day that is what the Jews believe, yet without knowing the mind of God concerning the prophecy, Isaiah was faithful to the call. That is what Peter is getting at and that is what Jonah did; he was faithful to God’s word without being privy to the complete mind of God in the matter.
I find that very hard to believe that Isaiah didn’t know who the prophecy was about, but then again John the Baptist had to check with the Lord to make sure Jesus was the one who was sent.
I think that is another very fascinating problem with prophecy that I wish I had the time to get into, but more interested in the “you repented so my prophecy of doom didn’t come true” argument that modern “small p” prophets of the NAR do so much. That’s why Jonah is more interesting to me at the moment than the larger, more powerful messianic problem you posed.
I just maintain that God would never trick us. Amos does say that
“The Lord God never does anything in secret
without first revealing what He does to His servants the prophets.”
Another huge issue that I have had to fight my way to sanity on with these NAR types is the issue of the OT Office of the Prophet. Which died out at Pentecost. Now, all are to be “ambitious to prophesy”