Perhaps I'm not following your definition of "judgment". Can you explain what you are referring to?
For example, if the Catholic Church declares someone a "Saint", have they been judged?
The Church does not Judge them, neither does it know. The Church declares saints based upon the criteria that it believes that are attributed to them. The Pope has no more influence on God's Judgement than, say, Mao Tse Tung or Joe the Janitor. The only Judgement that each Pope influences is his own, based upon those verses that I posted, and more.
It is an attempted recognition by the Church for those who act in a holy or examplary fashion in their lives. No, it is not binding on God, and no reasonable person (or even Catholic :) ) believes that.
No, the earliest Church, even before Paul began writing, was based more on the Two Commandments of Christ and the Beatitudes than anything else, coupled with the rapid acceptance and practice through the Church of the Eucharist on a frequent basis.