Foreknowledge is not predestination. Remember that God is outside of time. He is all; everywhere and everywhen. This time concept is a construct for us, not for Him. When people say God's plan, it is usually without the concept of the idea that God is not only the alpha (at the beginning of Time), but also the omega (at the end of Time), all at once.
Correct. God DOES NOT exist in time. He made time. Time is a created thing. The exception is the Incarnation.
Read Augustine’s “Confessions”. He goes into this in the last few books.