Yes, there are analogous thoughts expressed in the Apocrypha and the NT. They were both from the Jews. But you still don’t have a single citation where Jesus quotes the Apocrypha.
You could pull a thousand quotes from various heathen writers, and find analogous statements in the NT...but that wouldn’t make the heathen writings scripture. Analogous thoughts are not quotes.
Compare what you quoted to:
Mat 12:3 He said to them, “Have you not read what David did when he was hungry, and those who were with him:
Mat 12:5 “Or have you not read in the Law how on the Sabbath the priests in the temple profane the Sabbath and are guiltless?
Mat 19:4 He answered, “Have you not read that he who created them from the beginning made them male and female,
Mat 21:16 and they said to him, “Do you hear what these are saying?” And Jesus said to them, “Yes; have you never read, ‘Out of the mouth of infants and nursing babies you have prepared praise’?”
Mat 21:42 Jesus said to them, “Have you never read in the Scriptures: ‘The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone; this was the Lord’s doing, and it is marvelous in our eyes’?
Mat 21:13 He said to them, “It is written, ‘My house shall be called a house of prayer,’ but you make it a den of robbers.”
Mar 1:2 As it is written in Isaiah the prophet, “Behold, I send my messenger before your face, who will prepare your way,
Mar 7:6 And he said to them, “Well did Isaiah prophesy of you hypocrites, as it is written, ‘This people honors me with their lips, but their heart is far from me;
By that standard, you can toss Ezra, Nehemiah, Song of Songs, Esther, etc.
Wisdom 2 is not an analgous thought, but the clearest prophecy of the Passion in the Old Testament. The Evangelists clearly had it in mind when they wrote their turns of phrase.