Two separate things.
Bacteria-the mutation(s) that made them resistant are not present in bacteria that are not resistant. That resistance gene can be cloned and put into other bacteria showing that it confers the resistance. That is why pharma are trying to develop other classes of antibiotics. Most of the antibiotics act on the same pathway in the bacterial cell and have similar molecular structures. They are trying to to develop drugs that work on completely different pathways.
Example- do not take tetracycline and penicillin at the same time- they will counteract . Tetracycline works only on growing bacteria by inhibiting the prokaryotic 30s ribosome (needed for protein synthesis). Penicillin breaks down the cell wall of gram positive bacteria. This causes the bacteria to rupture by osmotic pressure.
Using chemiluminescent bacteria, yeast and tumor cells,and placing them in mice, the progress of the infection or cancer development can be tracked in much fewer mice. Rather than having to kill mice at every time point the same mouse can be tracked through multiple time points. This saves $ and time and gives more reliable data. The company I worked for also patented a process where one could knock out the mouse,and image it in a light-tight box with an ultra-sensitive camera. After I left there, they developed a camera that could photograph the mouse from 360 degrees and using a camera. make a 3D picture of the infection or cancer.
I see little there to challenge, but I do see that it really isn’t necessary.
Most if not all of the pharma-resistant bacteria are not resistant to commonly used essential oils of various plants, nor to allicin. Of course, none of these naturally occurring substances can be patented, thus there is little interest in their marketing, but a little education should be able to overcome thst drawback.
There is a “semi-homeless” man that hangs around our neighborhood doing odd jobs to support himself. about two years ago he contracted a necrotizing infection, and went to the VA where they treated him for about one day. Then the doctors at the VA hospital told him that it would be necessary to amputate his hand and part of his forearm, and that they had scheduled the surgery in 3 hours. He said that he replied “yea sure” or something to that effect, and then grabbed a smock and left as soon as they were out of sight.
He called his sometime squeeze for a ride, and then went and hid in the taco bell near the hospital. At the taco shop he locked himself in the mens room, and waited for her to knock on the door. When she saw his hand she said that what her mother always did, when she got infections as a kid, was to soak it in kerosene, which they did. That helped for a few days, but the hand started to become inflammed again in a couple of days, at which point he came by and asked me what to do. I just told him what I always did with my kids when they got skin infections like impatago was to smear thw skin with Vicks or Mentholatum (which always resulted in a bit of howling), which he began to do for a few days.
Much of the infection was gone by the third day, except for the areas around the finger nails, which remained very inflammed and sore. At that time I suggested that he try an Oregano oil and olive oil solution that I had used on toenail fungus in the past. The next time that I saw him was weeks later, and he was looking for work again, and his hand appeared ok except for patches of scab.
Now I don’t know if the doctors really were going to amputate his hand, but still, the infection that had swallowed about 75% of the skin of the back of his hand and wrist had healed without any great intervention.