The historical-critical research that Bavinck references is to the exegesis of Scripture.
The historical research you reference would fall under the category of historical theology.
These specialities employ different methodologies.
That “theology” came from the Apostles and before the Bible.
Like it or not,Dear friend, it is the early Church Fathers who you trust as witnesses to believe the Bible is the word of God ,and if their “theology” as you say, does not jive with yours, the likelihood of your theology being wrong is great.
The fact is that none of the Scriptures are signed by the Apostles and only scraps remain.
Kosta has posted the pictures of these scraps many times here.