The rest of your post are failked protestant attempts to explain away the obviosu meaning of mat 16:18,19.
William Hendriksen, Prof N T Lit. Calvin Seminary, Gerhard Maier, conservative Lutheran Scholar,Donald a Carlson Baptist, Prof at Trinity Evangelicval Seminary, among many other prots, acknowledge Peter ws the rock upon whom Jesus built the chutch.
So, we have all Catholics in agreement as to the meaning of that verse while prots are divided among themselves.
It is always the same no matter what the controversy :)
Matthew's Aramaic authorship is only held by a minority of scholars. It was likely written in Greek as well.
As to your citing of a few Protestant "Scholars", sorry, the argument fails. We do not base our doctrine upon the words of men (like many Catholics do), but the words of Scripture. We may disagree on some aspects; but, the Lord designed it that way. It's called "iron sharpening iron." Regarding the identification of Peter with the Rock, besides that one verse, where do you see it. Show me Bible. Not man's opinions. Where is Peter named as head of the church? Where is he in Rome? Where does ANYONE proclaim his Primacy or Rome's Primacy for that matter?
Rome's claim to Primacy came late. The forgery "The Donation of Constantine" tried to undergird the claim. People bought it. Some of those who sat in seat of Pope were rather notorious. Doctrine in Catholicism sways with the times. Stick to the Bible. Not an organization. It doesn't change, even when Catholics and Protestants do.
It also may be overreaching to say ALL Catholics are agreed.
Note this prominent Catholic's agreement with who most Biblically informed Protestants will say is the Rock:
On this rock therefore, He said, which thou hast confessed, I will build my Church. For the Rock (petra) is Christ; and on this foundation was Peter himself built." - Augustine, "On the Gospel of John," Tractate 12435.
Peter was not singled out as the leader of the Church in these verses. The context of Scripture does not show that he ever was the Prime leader of the church. When Jesus spoke to Peter, he spoke to him directly. The "upon this rock" comment is in the 3rd person and intimates not a person but a thing - namely the confession of who the true Rock, Christ, is. In other words, Peter, you are a steadfast and bold man to have said such a thing, and on this very thing (not on YOU) I will build my church.
Incidentally, referring to my argument as same old Protestant arguments doesn't refute them. It just makes the statement that you have heard it before.
Prove, with Scripture, what you say and we can talk more.