At the Pentecost, the Holy Spirit sent by the Father, through the Son, to the Apostles did not bring the book of the New Testament for eveyrone to tote around. No one had the neatly printed Evangelium with Christ's words printed in red and cross-referenced to select OT verses. All they had was the faith and understaniding of the truth given to them by the Holy Spirit without words or letters.
Thanks for the Calvin links. I will gladly read them.
"No one had the neatly printed Evangelium with Christ's words printed in red and cross-referenced to select OT verses"
It was written on their hearts and minds by the Holy Spirit sent by the Father and Jesus.
2Pe 1:21 For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but holy men of God spake [as they were] moved by the Holy Ghost.
You must remember that all Jews, especially the boys and men, were deeply immersed in the study of Torah from an early age. It was, and is, their school. Jesus taught from the Torah. They would have understood many things, but some did not understand the new knowledge that he brought, except the HS lead them.