Posted on 11/16/2002 6:07:00 PM PST by FormerLurker
If you go back to post 374, you'll see that ground water has been seen containing as much as 100 ppm of fluoride. So obviously, that isn't calcium fluoride, as its maximum solubility is 16 ppm.
As far as blood plasma levels, hmmm, I might want to look into that.
Well, first off, what do you think happens when there is a dental accident where a child swallows the fluoride treatment? Why do you think he or she gets ill and/or dies? Is it because there was only a 16 ppm level of fluoride in the bloodstream? Or do you think it may be just a bit higher?
When there are accidental discharges of fluoride in a resevoir, or when ground water leeches into the water system, I wonder what sort of concentration of fluoride we'd see there.
Say somebody decides to have a can of tuna with a salad for lunch. With lunch, the person drinks a nice big glass of fluoridated water, or perhaps a can of coke. After lunch, perhaps a cup of coffee made with fluoridated water, or perhaps tea which ITSELF contains fluoride. Afterwards, that person brushes their teeth with a fluoride toothpaste, swallows some of it then gargles with a fluoride mouthwash. I wonder how high of a concentration they'd have in their stomach. And I wonder what the short term level of fluoride would be in their blood stream before being ABSORBED or excreted.
In other words, there's lot's of ways to get MORE than the 1 ppm figure you continously quote.
AND, it may just be that those already elevated levels of fluoride are being accumulated in cells, themselves containing water. We'll get to that later though...
Are you on a timeclock Tom?
Ever hear of ion channels?
You're right, negative ions can't get into a cell. So let's drop that idea. BUT, let's look at neurons. They utilize potassium in their cell function, and potassium ions ARE positive. As such, if there's any fluoride in the blood stream, those negative fluoride ions bond with the potassium and rob the neuron of it's necessary potassium ion. That is how fluoride causes neurological damage.
I haven't seen you post anything but ad hominem comments. Have anything else to say?
Obviously I was wrong about that. My mistake...
You mean to tell me that the absoulte ONLY naturally occurring fluoride compound is calcium fluoride? And under all circumstances (heat, ph, etc.) the solubility is the same?
Well, first off, what do you think happens when there is a dental accident where a child swallows the fluoride treatment? Why do you think he or she gets ill and/or dies? Is it because there was only a 16 ppm level of fluoride in the bloodstream? Or do you think it may be just a bit higher?
When has a child died from a fluoride treatment?
You're REALLY reaching now.
WAIT! I changed my mind, you're right. Fluoridated toothpastes, rinses, and treatments are WAY too dangerous to have around. I think we need to stick with the much lower fluoride concentrations in fluoridated water.
No, I'm saying that calcium fluoride is not what reached 100 ppm, as it can only reach 16 ppm solubility. The temperture given for the 16 ppm value is 16 degrees Celcius, which is about 61 degres Fahrenheit. That is about right for ground water. As far as the ph, unless the water was very acidic or caustic, I doubt there'd be a significant difference in the solubility.
When has a child died from a fluoride treatment?
$750,000 Given In Child's Death In Fluoride Case. - Boy, 3, Was in City Clinic for Routine Cleaning
WAIT! I changed my mind, you're right. Fluoridated toothpastes, rinses, and treatments are WAY too dangerous to have around. I think we need to stick with the much lower fluoride concentrations in fluoridated water.
Fluoride blamed in dialysis deaths
Deaths or poisonings linked to fluoridation or fluoride products
And those pesky fluoride ions wreak all sorts of other havoc when they rob positive ions from electrolytes...
Oops, the temperature given for the 16 ppm maximum solubility should have been 18 degrees Celcius, not 16. So 18 degrees Celcius equates to 64.4 degrees Fahrenheit. It's STILL about right for the temperature of ground water.
So with billions of fluoride treatments every years, you had to go back to 1974 to find something. 45 cubic centimeters!! That is obviously a case of negligence,not product safety.
But why not look at the safety of water fluoridation?
In a study in the British Dental Journal, they found that, since 1970, there have been over 3700 studies worldwide on the safety and efficacy of fluoride ( Easley MW. Br Dent J. 1995;178(2):72-75.).
Er, since I've put up with all of your cutting and pasting, you'll have to do the same. Here's a small portion of those studies:
1. British Fluoridation Society. Optimal water fluoridation: status worldwide. Liverpool; May 1998. 2. American Dental Association, Survey Center. 1998 Consumers' opinions regarding community water fluoridation. Chicago; June 1998.
Note: Not all numbers are present, some not relevant were edited out.
3. American Dental Association. Resolution 5H-1997. In: ADA Transactions 1997. Chicago: American Dental Association;1998:673.
4. Dean HT. Endemic fluorosis and its relation to dental caries. Public Health Reports 1938;53(33):1443-52.
5. Dean HT, Arnold FA, Elvove E. Domestic water and dental caries. Public Health Reports 1942;57(32):1155-79.
6. American Dental Association. Fluoride and oral health: a story of achievements and challenges. J Am Dent Assoc 1989;118:529-40.
7. Scott DB. The dawn of a new era. J Public Health Dent 1996;56(5 Spec No):235-8.
8. US Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010 Objectives: Draft for public comment. (Oral Health Section) Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; September 15, 1998.
9. US Department of Health and Human Services. For a healthy nation: returns on investment in public health. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; August 1994.
10. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. Surgeon General statement on community water fluoridation. Washington, DC; December 14, 1995.
11. Horowitz HS. The effectiveness of community water fluoridation in the United States. J Public Health Dent 1996;56(5 Spec No):253-8.
12. American Dental Association, Council on Access Prevention and Interprofessional Relations. Caries diagnosis and risk assessment: a review of preventive strategies and management. J Am Dent Assoc 1995;126(Suppl).
13. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Oral Health. Fluoridation fact sheet. No. FL-141. Atlanta; December 1993.
14. Safe Drinking Water Committee, National Research Council. Drinking water and health. National Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC; 1977.
15. Largent E. The supply of fluorine to man: 1. Introduction. In: Fluorides and human health. World Health Organization Monograph Series No. 59. Geneva;1970:17-8.
16. Levy SM, Kiritsy MC, Warren JJ. Sources of fluoride intake in children. J Public Health Dent 1995;55(1):39-52.
17. Newbrun E. Fluorides and dental caries, 3rd ed. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, publisher; 1986.
18. Lambrou D, Larsen MJ, Fejerskov O, Tachos B. The effect of fluoride in saliva on remineralization of dental enamel in humans. Caries Res 1981;15:341-5.
19. Mellberg JR, Ripa LW. Fluoride in preventive dentistry: theory and clinical applications. Chicago: Quintessence;1983:41-80.
20. DePaola PF, Kashket S. Prevention of dental caries. In: Fluorides, effects on vegetation, animals and humans. Schupe JL, Peterson HB, Leone NC, eds. Salt Lake City: Paragon Press;1983:199-211.
21. Backer-Dirks O, Kunzel W, Carlos JP. Caries-preventive water fluoridation. In: Progress in caries prevention. Ericsson Y, ed. Caries Res 1978;12(Suppl 1):7-14.
22. Silverstone LM. Remineralization and enamel caries: new concepts. Dental Update 1993; May:261-73.
23. Featherstone JD. The mechanism of dental decay. Nutrition Today 1987;May-Jun:10-6.
24. Fejerskov O, Thylstrup A, Larsen MJ. Rational use of fluorides in caries prevention. Acta Odontol Scan 1981;39:241-9.
25. Silverstone LM, Wefel JS, Zimmerman BF, Clarkson BH, Featherstone MJ. Remineralization of natural and artificial lesions in human dental enamel in vitro. Caries Res 1981;15:138-57.
26. Hargreaves JA. The level and timing of systemic exposure to fluoride with respect to caries resistance. J Dent Res 1992;71(5):1244-8.
27. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, Dental Disease Pre-vention Activity. Water fluoridation: a manual for engineers and technicians. Atlanta; September 1986.
28. Horowitz HS. American Journal of Public Health 1997;87(7):1235-6. Letter to the editor.
29. Brown HK, Poplove M. The Brantford-Samia-Stratford fluoridation caries study: final survey, 1963. Med Serv J Can 1965;21(7):450-6.
30. Murray JJ. Efficacy of preventive agents for dental caries. Caries Res 1993;27(Suppl 1):2-8.
31. Newbrun E. Effectiveness of water fluoridation. J Public Health Dent 1989;49(5):279-89.
32. Ripa LW. A half-century of community water fluoridation in the United States: review and commentary. J Public Health Dent 1993;53(1):17-44.
33. Evans DJ, Rugg-Gunn AJ, Tabari ED, Butler T. The effect of fluoridation and social class on caries experience in 5-year-old Newcastle children in 1994 compared with results over the previous 18 years. Comm Dent Health 1996;13:5-10.
34. Spencer AJ, Slade GD, Davies M. Water fluoridation in Australia. Comm Dent Health 1996;13(Suppl 2):27-37.
35. Pollick H, Kipnis P. The effect of fluoride con-centration of water supplies on caries experience in California children attending preschools and grades K-3 (Abstract no. 2197). Abstract presented at the 1997 Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association.
36. Selwitz RH, Nowjack-Raymer RE, Kingman A, Driscoll WS. Dental caries and dental fluorosis among schoolchildren who were lifelong residents of communities having either low or optimal levels of fluoride in drinking water. J Public Health Dent 1998;58(1):28-35.
37. Arnold FA Jr., Likins RC, Russell AL, Scott DB. Fifteenth year of the Grand Rapids fluoridation study. J Am Dent Assoc 1962;65:780-5.
38. Ast DB, Fitzgerald B. Effectiveness of water fluoridation. J Am Dent Assoc 1962;65:581-7.
39. Blayney JR, Hill IN. Fluorine and dental caries: findings by age group. J Am Dent Assoc 1967 (Spec Iss);74(2):246-52.
40. Jackson D, James PM, Thomas FD. Fluoridation in Anglesey 1983: a clinical study of dental caries. Br Dent J 1985;158(2):45-9.
41. Jackson D. Has the decline of dental caries in English children made water fluoridation both unnecessary and uneconomic? Br Dent J 1987;162(5):170-3.
42. Jones CM, Taylor GO, Whittle JG, Evans D, Trotter DP. Water fluoridation, tooth decay in 5 year olds, and social deprivation measured by the Jarman score: analysis of data from British dental surveys. BMJ 1997;315:514-7.
43. Selected findings and recommendations from the California oral health needs assessment of children, 1993-94. The oral health of California's children: a neglected epidemic. San Rafael, CA: The Dental Health Foundation 1997.
44. Lemke CW, Doherty JM, Arra MC. Controlled fluoridation: the dental effects of discontinuation in Antigo, Wisconsin. J Am Dent Assoc 1970;80:782-6.
45. Stephen KW, McCall DR, Tullis JI. Caries prevalence in northern Scotland before, and 5 years after, water defluoridation. Br Dent J 1987;163:324-6.
46. Attwood D, Blinkhorn AS. Dental health in schoolchildren 5 years after water fluoridation ceased in south-west Scotland. Int Dent J 1991;41(1):43-8.
47. Burt BA, Eklund SA, Loesche WJ. Dental benefits of limited exposure to fluoridated water in childhood. J Dent Res 1986;61(11):1322-5.
48. Way RM.The effect on dental caries of a change from a naturally fluoridated to a fluoride-free communal water. J Dent Child 1964;31:151-7.
49. Driscoll WS, Horowitz HS, Meyers RJ, Heifetz SB, Kingman A, Zimmerman ER. Prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis in areas with negligible, optimal and above-optimal fluoride concentrations in drinking water. J Am Dent Assoc 1986;113:29-33.
50. Brunelle JA, Carlos JP. Recent trends in dental caries in U.S. children and the effect of water fluoridation. J Dent Res 1990;69(Spec Iss):723-7.
51. Horowitz HS. The future of water fluoridation and other systemic fluorides. J Dent Res 1990;69(Spec Iss):760-4.
52. Lewis DW, Banting DW. Water fluoridation: current effectiveness and dental fluorosis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1994;22:153-8.
53. Ismail AI. Prevention of early childhood caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1998;26 (Suppl 1):49-61.
54. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. Review of fluoride: benefits and risks. Report of the Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Fluoride. Washington, DC; February 1991.
55. National Institute of Dental Research. Statement on effectiveness of water fluoridation. Bethesda; December 1989.
56. Mitropoulos CM, Langford JW, Robinson DJ. Differences in dental caries experience in 14-year-old children in fluoridated South Birmingham and in Bolton in 1987. Br Dent J 1988;164:349-50.
57. Kaste LM, Selwitz RH, Oldakowski RJ, Brunelle JA, Winn DM, Brown LJ. Coronal caries in the primary and permanent dentition of children and adoles-cents 1-17 years of age: United States, 1988-1991. J Dent Res 1996;75(Spec Iss):631-41.
58. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. Toward improving the oral health of Americans: an overview of oral status, resources on health care delivery. Report of the United States Public Health Service Oral Health Coordinating Committee. Washington, DC; March 1993.
59. Brown LJ, Winn DM, White BA. Dental caries, restoration and tooth conditions in U.S. adults, 1988-1991. J Am Dent Assoc 1996;127:1315-25.
60. Palmer C. Dental spending exceeds $50 billion. ADA News 1998;29(22):1,30.
61. White BA, Antczak-Bouckoms AA, Weinstein MC. Issues in the economic evaluation of community water fluoridation. J Dent Educ 1989;53(11):1989.
62. Garcia AI. Caries incidence and costs of prevention programs. J Public Health Dent 1989;49(5):259-71.
63. McGuire S. A review of the impact of fluoride on adult caries. J Clin Dent 1993;4(1):11-13.
64. Grembowski D, Fiset L, Spadafora A. How fluoridation affects adult dental caries: systemic and topical effects are explored. J Am Dent Assoc 1992;123:49-54.
65. Stamm JW, Banting DW, Imrey PB. Adult root caries survey of two similar communities with contrasting natural water fluoride levels. J Am Dent Assoc 1990;120:143-9.
66. Newbrun E. Prevention of root caries. Gerodont 1986;5(1):33-41.
67. Papas AS, Joshi A, MacDonald SL, Maravelis-Splagounias L, Pretara-Spanedda P, Curro FA. Caries prevalence in xerostomic individuals. J Can Dent Assoc 1993;59(2):171-9.
68. Jones JA. Root caries: prevention and chemotherapy. Am J Dent 1995;8(6):352-7.
69. Wiktorsson A, Martinsson T, Zimmerman M. Salivary levels of lactobacilli, buffer capacity and salivary flow rate related to caries activity among adults in communities with optimal and low water fluoride concentrations. Swed Dent J 1992;16:231-7.
70. Anusavice KJ. Treatment regimens in preventive and restorative dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc 1995;126:727-43.
71. Driscoll WS. The use of fluoride tablets for the prevention of dental caries. In: International workshop on fluorides and dental caries prevention. Baltimore, University of Maryland;1974:25-111.
72. Aasenden R, Peebles TC. Effects of fluoride supple-mentation from birth on human deciduous and permanent teeth. Arch Oral Biol 1974;19:321-6.
73. Margolis FJ, Reames HR, Freshman E, Macauley CD, Mehaffey H. Fluoride: ten year prospective study of deciduous and permanent dentition. Am J Dis Child 1975;129:794-800.
74. Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary reference intakes for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D and fluoride. Report of the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes. Washington, DC: National Academy Press;(In press).
75. Levy SM. Review of fluoride exposures and ingestion. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1994;22:173-80.
76. Arnold FA, McClure FJ, White CL. Sodium fluoride tablets for children. Dental Progress 1960;1(1):8-12.
77. Newbrun E. Systemic fluorides: an overview. J Can Dent Assoc 1980;1:31-7.
78. Marthaler TM, Mejía R, Viñes JJ. Caries-preventive salt fluoridation. Caries Res 1978;12(Suppl 1):15-21.
79. Federation Dentaire Internationale. World fluoridation status. Basic Facts 1990.
80. Thomas Reeves, personal communication, July 25, 1997.
81. Kunzel W. Systemic use of fluoride-other methods: salt, sugar, milk, etc. Caries Res 1993;27(Suppl 1):16-22.
82. World Health Organization. Fluorides and oral health. Report of a WHO Expert Committee on Oral Health Status and Fluoride Use. WHO Technical Report Series 846. Geneva;1994.
83. Bergmann KE, Bergmann RL. Salt fluoridation and general health. Adv Dent Res 1995;9(2):138-43.
84. The sixth report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157:2422.
85. Pakhomov GN. Objectives and review of the international milk fluoridation program. Adv Dent Res 1995;9(2):110-1.
86. Burt BA, Marthaler TM. Fluoride tablets, salt fluoridation and milk fluoridation. In: Fluoride in Dentistry, 2nd ed. Fejerskov O, Ekstand J and Burt B, eds. Munksgaard, Copenhagen; 1996:291-310.
87. Flaitz CM, Hill EM, Hicks MJ. A survey of bottled water usage by pediatric dental patients: implicaions for dental health. Quintessence Int1989;20(11):847-52.
88. Tate WH, Chan JT. Fluoride concentrations in bottled and filtered waters. Gen Dent 1994;42(4):362-6.
89. Brown MD, Aaron G. The effect of point-of-use conditioning systems on community fluoridated water. Pediatr Dent 1991;13(1):35-8.
90. Full CA, Wefel JS. Water softener influence on anions and cations. Iowa Dent J 1983;69:37-9.
91. Robinson SN, Davies EH, Williams B. Domestic water treatment appliances and the fluoride ion. Br Dent J 1991;171:91-3.
92. Fluoride, teeth and health. Royal College of Physicians. Pitman Medical, London;1976.
93. Johansen E, Taves D, Olsen T, eds. Continuing evaluation of the use of fluorides. AAAS Selected Symposium 11. Boulder, Colorado:Westview Press;1979.
94. Knox EG. Fluoridation of water and cancer: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Report of the Working Party. London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office;1985.
95. Leone NC, Shimkin MB, Arnold FA, et al. Medical aspects of excessive fluoride in a water supply. Public Health Rep 1954;69(10):925-36.
96. National Research Council. Health effects of ingested fluoride. Report of the Subcommittee on Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press;1993.
97. 58 Fed. Reg. 68826,68827 (Dec. 29, 1993).
98. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. Facts on the ATSDR toxicological profile for fluorides, hydrogen fluoride, and fluorine. CDC Atlanta, GA; May 15, 1998.
99. American Medical Association. H-440.945 and H-440.972. In: American Medical Association Policy Compendium. Chicago: American Medical Association;1998:633,637.
100. Fluoridation and dental health. World Health Organization (WHA22.30);July 23, 1969.
101. Hodge HC, Smith FA. Occupational fluoride exposure. J Occup Med 1977,19:12-39.
102. Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants. Biologic effects of atmospheric pollutants: fluorides. Washington D.C., National Academy of Sciences 1971:5-9.
103. Rugg-Gunn AJ. Nutrition and dental health. New York: Oxford University Press;1993.
104. Whitford GM. The metabolism and toxicity of fluoride, 2nd rev. ed. Monographs in oral science, Vol. 16. Basel, Switzerland: Karger;1996.
105. Kaminsky LS, Mahoney MC, Leach J, Melius J, Miller MJ. Fluoride: benefits and risks of exposure. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1990;1:261-81.
106. National Academy of Sciences. Effects of fluorides in animals. Committee on Animal Nutrition and the Subcommittee on Fluorosis, 1974.
107. Pendrys DG, Stamm JW. Relationship of total fluoride intake to beneficial effects and enamel fluorosis. J Dent Res 1990;69(Spec Iss):529-38.
108. Olson RE, ed. Fluoride in food and water. Nutr Rev 1986;44(7):233-5.
109. Levy SM, Maurice TJ, Jakobsen JR. Feeding patterns, water sources and fluoride exposures of infants and 1-year-olds. J Am Dent Assoc 1993;124:65-9.
110. Barnhart WE, Hiller LK, Leonard GJ, Michaels SE. Dentifrice usage and ingestion among four age groups. J Dent Res 1974;53(6):1317-22.
111. Ericsson Y, Forsman B. Fluoride retained from mouthrinses and dentifrices in preschool children. Caries Res 1969;3:290-9.
112. Bruun C, Thylstrup A. Dentifrice usage among Danish children. J Dent Res 1988;67(8):1114-7.
113. Ekstrand J, Ehmebo M. Absorption of fluoride from fluoride dentifrices. Caries Res 1980;14:96-102.
114. Whitford GM. The physiological and toxicological characteristics of fluoride. J Dent Res 1990;69 (Spec Iss):539-49.
115. Whitford GM. Intake and metabolism of fluoride. Adv Dent Res 1994;8(1):5-14.
116. Gordon SL, Corbin SB. Summary of workshop on drinking water fluoridation influence on hip fracture on bone health. Osteoporosis Int 1992;2:109-17.
117. Suarez-Almazor ME, Flowerdew G, Saunders LD, Soskolne CL, Russell AS. The fluoridation of drinking water and hip fracture hospitalization rates in two Canadian communities. Am J Public Health 1993;83(5):689-93.
118. Jacobsen SJ, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ. Hip fracture incidence before and after the fluoridation of the public water supply, Rochester, Minnesota. Am J Public Health 1993;83(5):743-5.
119. Karagas MR, Baron JA, Barrett JA, Jacobsen SJ. Patterns of fracture among the United States elderly: geographic and fluoride effects. Ann Epidemiol 1996;6(3):209-16.
120. Cauley JA, Murphy PA, Riley TJ, Buhari AM. Effects of fluoridated drinking water on bone mass and fractures: the study of osteoporotic fractures. J Bone Min Res 1995;10(7):1076-86.
121. Hodge HC. The safety of fluoride tablets or drops. In: Continuing evaluation of the use of fluorides. Johansen E, Tavaes DR, Olsen TO, eds. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press;1979:253-75.
122. Lehmann R, Wapniarz M, Hofman B, Peiper B, Haubitz I, Allolio B. Drinking water fluoridation: bone mineral density and hip fracture incidence. Bone 1998;22(3):273-8.
123. Jacobsen SJ, Goldberg J, Miles TP, Brody JA, Stiers W, Rimm AA. Regional variation in the incidence of hip fracture: US white women aged 65 years and older. Am Med Assoc 1990;264(4):500-2.
124. Jacobsen SJ, Goldberg J, Cooper C, Lockwood SA. The association between water fluoridation and hip fracture among white women and men aged 65 years and older: a national ecologic study. Ann Epidemiol 1992;2(5):617-26.
126. Phipps KR, Orwoll ES, Bevan L. The association between water-borne fluoride and bone mineral density in older adults. J Dent Res 1998;77(9):1739-48.
127. Pak CY, Sakhaee K, Adams-Huet B, Piziak V, Peterson RD, Poindexter JR. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with slow-release sodium fluoride: final report of a randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1995;123(6):401-8.
128. Riggs BL, O'Fallon WM, Lane A, Hodgson SF, Wahner HW, Muhs J, Chao E, Melton LJ III. Clinical trial of fluoride therapy in postmenopausal osteoporotic women: extended observations and additional analysis. J Bone and Min Res 1994;9(2):265-75.
129. Bucher JR, Hejtmancik MR, Toft JD II, Persing RL, Eustis SL, Haseman JK. Results and conclusions of the National Toxicology Program's rodent carcino-genicity studies with sodium fluoride. Int J Cancer 1991;48:733-7.
130. Maurer JK, Cheng MC, Boysen BG, Anderson RL. Two-year carcinogenicity study of sodium fluoride in rats. J Natl Cancer Inst 1990;82:1118-26.
131. Horowitz HS. Indexes for measuring dental fluorosis. J Public Health Dentistry 1986;46(4):179-183.
132. Dean HT. The investigation of physiological effects by the epidemiological method. In: Moulton FR, ed. Fluorine and dental health. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Publication No. 19. Washington DC;1942:23-31.
133. Dean HT. Chronic endemic dental fluorosis. JAMA 1936;107(16):1269-73.
134. Horowitz HS. Fluoride and enamel defects. Adv Dent Res 1989;3(2):143-6.
135. Pendrys DG. Dental fluorosis in perspective. J Am Dent Assoc 1991;122:63-6.
136. Levy SM. A review of fluoride intake from fluoride dentifrice. J Dent Child 1993;60(2):115-24.
137. Stookey GK. Review of fluorosis risk of self-applied topical fluorides: dentifrices, mouthrinses and gels. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1994;22(3):181-6.
138. Pendrys DG, Katz RV, Morse DE. Risk factors for enamel fluorosis in a nonfluoridated population. Am J Epidemiol 1996;143(8):808-15.
139. Pendrys DG. Risk of fluorosis in a fluoridated population: implications for the dentist and hygienist. J Am Dent Assoc 1995;126:1617-24.
140. Hodge HC, Smith FA. Biological properties of inorganic fluorides. In: Fluorine chemistry. Simons HH, ed. New York: Academic Press;1965:1-42.
141. Stevenson CA, Watson AR. Fluoride osteosclerosis. American Journal of Roetgenology, Radium Therapy and Nuclear Medicine 1957;78(l):13-18.
142. American Cancer Society. A statement on fluoride and drinking water fluoridation by Clark W. Heath, Jr. MD, Vice President of Epidemiology and Surveillance Research of American Cancer Society;February 17, 1998.
143. Hoover RN, McKay FW, Fraumeni JF. Fluoridated drinking water and the occurrence of cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1976;57(4):757-68.
144. Erickson JD. Mortality in selected cities with fluoridated and non-fluoridated water supplies. New Eng J Med 1978;298(20):1112-6.
145. Rogot E, Sharrett AR, Feinleib M, Fabsitz RR. Trends in urban mortality in relation to fluoridation status. Am J Epidemiol 1978;107(2):104-12.
146. Chilvers C. Cancer mortality and fluoridation of water supplies in 35 US cities. Int J Epidemiol 1983;12(4):397-404.
147. Mahoney MC, Nasca PC, Burnett WS, Melius JM. Bone cancer incidence rates in New York State: time trends and fluoridated drinking water. Am J Public Health 1991;81(4):475-9.
148. Cohn PD, New Jersey Department of Health, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy. An epidemiologic report on drinking water and fluoridation. Trenton, NJ;1992.
149. Tohyama E. Relationship between fluoride concentration in drinking water and mortality rate from uterine cancer in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. J Epidemiology 1996;6(4):184-190.
150. Kinlen L. Cancer incidence in relation to fluoride level in water supplies. Br Dent J 1975;138:221-4.
151. Chilvers C, Conway D. Cancer mortality in England in relation to levels of naturally occurring fluoride in water supplies. J Epidemiol Comm Health 1985;39:44-7.
152. Cook-Mozaffari PC, Bulusu L, Doll R. Fluoridation of water supplies and cancer mortality I: a search for an effect in the UK on risk of death from cancer. J Epidemiol Comm Health 1981;35:227-32.
153. Raman S, Becking G, Grimard M, Hickman JR, McCullough RS, Tate RA. Fluoridation and cancer: an analysis of Canadian drinking water fluor-idation and cancer mortality data. Environmental Health Directorate, Health Protection Branch. Ottawa, Canada: Authority of the Minister of National Health and Welfare;1977.
154. Richards GA, Ford JM. Cancer mortality in selected New South Wales localities with fluoridated and non-fluoridated water supplies. Med J Aust 1979;2:521-3.
155. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans, Vol. 27. Switzerland;1982.
157. Clemmesen J. The alleged association between artificial fluoridation of water supplies and cancer: a review. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1983;61(5):871-83.
158. Jenkins G, Venkateswarlu P, Zipkin I. Physiological effects of small doses of fluoride. In: Fluorides and human health. World Health Organization Monograph Series No. 59. Geneva;1970:163-224.
159. Challacombe SJ. Does fluoridation harm immune function? Comm Dent Health 1996;13(Suppl 2):69-71.
160. American Academy of Allergy. A statement on the question of allergy to fluoride as used in the fluoridation of community water supplies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1971;47(6):347-8. Statement reaffirmed February 1980. Available at (http://www.aaaai.org/media/resources/position_statements/ps01.stm). Accessed May 20, 2002.
161. World Health Organization. Fluorine and fluorides: environmental health criteria 36. Geneva, Switzerland;1984.
162. Schlesinger E. Health studies in areas of the USA with controlled water fluoridation. In: Fluorides and human health. World Health Organization Monograph Series No. 59. Geneva;1970:305-10.
164. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, Dental Disease Prevention Activity. Update of fluoride/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) allegation. Pub. No. FL-133. Atlanta; June 1987.
165. Kram D, Schneider EL, Singer L, Martin GR. The effects of high and low fluoride diets on the frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges. Mutat Res 1978;57:51-5.
166. Li Y, Dunipace AJ, Stookey GK. Lack of genotoxic effects of fluoride in the mouse bone-marrow micronucleus test. J Dent Res 1987;66(11):1687-90.
167. Li Y, Dunipace AJ, Stookey GK. Effects of fluoride on the mouse sperm morphology test. J Dent Res 1987;66(9):1509-11.
168. Zeiger E, Gulati DK, Kaur P, Mohamed AH, Revazova J, Deaton TG. Cytogenetic studies of sodium fluoride in mice. Mutagenesis 1994;9(5):467-71.
169. Li Y, Heerema NA, Dunipace AJ, Stookey GK. Genotoxic effects of fluoride evaluated by sister-chromatid exchange. Mutat Res 1987;192:191-201.
170. Dunipace AJ, Zhang W, Noblitt TW, Li Y, Stookey GK. Genotoxic evaluation of chronic fluoride exposure: micronucleus and sperm morphology studies. J Dent Res 1989;68(11):1525-8.
171. Li Y, Zhang W, Noblitt TW, Dunipace AJ, Stookey GK. Genotoxic evaluation of chronic fluoride exposure: sister-chromatid exchange study. Mut Res 1989;227:159-65.
172. Obe G, Slacik-Erben R. Suppressive activity by fluoride on the induction of chromosome aberrations in human cells and alkylating agents in vitro. Mutat Res 1973;19:369-71.
173. Slacik-Erben R, Obe G. The effect of sodium fluoride on DNA synthesis, mitotic indices and chromosomal aberrations in human leukocytes treated with Tremnimon in vitro. Mutat Res 1976;37:253-66.
174. Martin GR, Brown KS, Singer L, Ophaug R, Jacobson-Kram D. Cytogenic and mutagenic assays on fluoride. In: Fluorides, effects on vegetation, animals and humans. Schupe JL, Peterson HB, Leone NC, eds. Salt Lake City: Paragon Press;1983:271-80.
175. Martin GR, Brown KS, Matheson DW, Lebowitz H, Singer L, Ophaug R. Lack of cytogenetic effects in mice or mutations in salmonella receiving sodium fluoride. Mutat Res 1979;66:159-67.
176. Li Y, Dunipace AJ, Stookey GK. Absence of mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of fluoride in Ames salmonella assays. Mutut Res 1987;120:229-36.
177. Tong CC, McQueen CA, Brat SV, Williams GM. The lack of genotoxicity of sodium fluoride in a battery of cellular tests. Cell Biol Toxicol 1988;4(2):173-86.
178. Freni SC. Exposure to high fluoride concentrations in drinking water is associated with decreased birth rates. J Toxicology and Environmental Health 1994;42:109-121.
180. Rapaport I. Contribution a 1'etude de mongolisme: role pathogenique de fluor. Bull Acad M (Paris) 1953;140:529-31.
181. Rapaport I. Oligophrenic mongolienne et caries dentairs. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac 1963;46:207-18.
182. Berry WT. Study of the incidence of mongolism in relation to the fluoride content of water. Am J Ment Def 1958;62:634-6.
183. Needleman BL, Pueschel SM, Rothman KJ. Fluoridation and the occurrence of Down's Syndrome. New Eng J Med 1974;291:821-3.
184. Erickson JD, Oakley GP Jr., Flynt JW Jr., Hay S. Water fluoridation and congenital malformations: no association. J Am Dent Assoc 1976;93:981-4.
185. Knox EG, Armstrong E, Lancashire R. Fluoridation and the prevalence of congenital malformations. Comm Med 1980;2:190-4.
186. Erickson JD. Down syndrome, water fluoridation and maternal age. Teratol 1980;21:177-80.
187. Mullenix PJ, Denbesten PK, Schunior A, Kernan WJ. Neurotoxicity of sodium fluoride in rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 1995;17(2):169-77.
189. Shannon FT, Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ. Exposure to fluoridated public water supplies and child health and behaviour. N Z Med J 1986;99(803):416-8.
190. National Institute on Aging. Alzheimer's Disease fact sheet. NIH Publication No. 95-3431;August 1995.
191. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, Dental Disease Prevention Activity. No association between aluminum, fluoride and Alzheimer's Disease. Pub. No. FL-132. Atlanta;May 1987.
192. Varner JA, Jensen KF, Horvath W, Isaacson RL. Chronic administration of aluminum-fluoride or sodium-fluoride to rats in drinking water: alterations in neuronal and cerebrovascular integrity. Brain Res 1998;784:284-98.
193. American Dental Association. Health Media Watch: Study linking fluoride and Alzheimer's under scrutiny. J Am Dent Assoc 1998;129:1216-8.
194. Kraus AS, Forbes WF. Aluminum, fluoride and the prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. Can J Public Health 1992;83(2):97-100.
195. US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, National Institutes of Health, Division of Dental Health. Misrepresentation of statistics on heart deaths in Antigo, Wisconsin Pub. No. PPB-47. Bethesda;November 1972.
196. Mary Winston, Ed.D., personal communication, July 20, 1993.
197. American Heart Association. Risk factors and coronary heart disease. Available at (http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=500). Accessed May 20 , 2002.
198. Geever EF, Leone NC, Geiser P, Lieberman J. Pathologic studies in man after prolonged ingestion of fluoride in drinking water I: necropsy findings in a community with a water level of 2.5 ppm. J Am Dent Assoc 1958;56:499-507.
199. Schlesinger ER, Overton DE, Chase HC, Cantwell KT. Newburgh-Kingston caries-fluorine study XIII: pediatric findings after ten years. J Am Dent Assoc 1956;52:296-306.
00. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. Surgeon General's advisory: treatment of water for use in dialysis: artificial kidney treatments. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office 872-021;June 1980.
201. Centers for Disease Control. Fluoride in a dialysis unit-Maryland. MMWR 1980;29(12):134-6.
203. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Engineering and administrative recommendations for water fluoridation, 1995. MMWR 1995;44(No.RR-13).
204. American Water Works Association. AWWA standards for sodium fluoride (ANSI/AWWA B701-94), sodium fluorosilicate (ANSI/AWWA B702-94) and fluorosilicic acid (ANSI/AWWA B703-94); November 1, 1994.
207. Block LE. Antifluoridationists persist: the constitutional basis for fluoridation. J Public Health Dent 1986;46(4):188-98.
208. Christoffel T. Fluorides, facts and fanatics: public health advocacy shouldn't stop at the courthouse door. Am J Public Health 1985;75(8):888-91.
209. McMenamin JP. Fluoridation of water in Virginia: the tempest in the teapot. J Law Ethics Dent 1988; 1(1):42-6.
210. Roemer R. Water fluoridation: public health responsibility and the democratic process. Am J Public Health 1965;55(9):1337-48.
211. Strong GA. Liberty, religion and fluoridation. J Am Dent Assoc 1968;76:1398-1409.
212. Easlick KA. An appraisal of objections to fluoridation. J Am Dent Assoc 1962;65:868-93.
213. Newbrun E. The fluoridation war: a scientific dispute or a religious argument? J Public Health Dent 1996;56(5 Spec No):246-52.
. 215. Easley MW. The new antifluoridationists: who are they and how do they operate? J Public Health Dent 1985;45(3):133-41.
216. Wulf CA, Hughes KF, Smith KG, Easley MW. Abuse of the scientific literature in an antifluoridation pamphlet. Baltimore: American Oral Health Institute;1985.
217. Lieberman AJ, The American Council on Science and Health. Facts versus fears: a review of the 20 greatest unfounded health scares of recent times. 2nd ed. New York;1997.
219. Park B, Smith K, Malvitz D, Furman L. Hazard vs outrage: public perception of fluoridation risks. J Public Health Dent 1990;50(4):285-7.
220. Hinman AR, Sterritt GR, Reeves TG. The US experience with fluoridation. Comm Dent Health 1996;13(Suppl 2):5-9.
221. Frazier PJ. Priorities to preserve fluoride uses: rationales and strategies. J Public Health Dent 1985;45(3):149-65.
222. Frazier PJ. Fluoridation: a review of social research. J Public Health Dent 1980;40(3):214-33.
223. Margolis FJ, Cohen SN. Successful and unsuccessful experiences in combating the antifluoridationists. Pediatrics 1985;76(1):113-8.
224. Neenan ME. Obstacles to extending fluoridation in the United States. Comm Dent Health 1996; 13(Suppl 2):10-20.
225. FDI World. South Africa to fluoridate. FDI World 1997;6(6):7.
226. National Health and Medical Research Council. The effectiveness of water fluoridation. Canberra, Australia: Australian Government Publishing Service;1991.
227. Roemer R. Legislation on fluoridation of water supplies. In: Experience on water fluoridation in Europe. Copenhagen: World Health Organization;1987:23-36.
228. Jones S. Water fluoridation in Europe. Paper presented to the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry, 1996 Spring Scientific Meeting. Dundee, Scotland.
229. Marthaler TM. Water fluoridation results in Basel since 1962: health and political implications. J Public Health Dent 1996;56(5 Spec No):265-70.
230. Klein SP, Bohannan HM, Bell RM, Disney JA, Foch CB, Graves RC. The cost and effectiveness of school-based preventive dental care. Am J Public Health 1985;75(4):382-91.
231. Federation Dentaire Internationale. Cost-effectiveness of community fluoride programs for caries prevention: technical report 13. Chicago: Quintessence;1981.
232. Ringelberg ML, Allen SJ, Brown LJ. Cost of fluoridation: 44 Florida communities. J Public Health Dent 1992;52(2):75-80.
233. Centers for Disease Control. Public health focus: fluoridation of community water systems. MMWR: Update 1992;41(21):372-5.
234. Burt BA, ed. Proceedings for the workshop: cost effectiveness of caries prevention in dental public health: results of the workshop. J Public Health Dent 1989;56(5 Spec No):331-40.
236. American Water Works Association. Fluoridation of public water supplies. Adopted by the Board of Directors January 1976, reaffirmed January 1982. Available at (http://www.awwa.org/govtaff/flupupol.htm). Accessed October 1, 1998.
237. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology. Fluoride: regulatory fact sheet.
For one, I question your figure of "billions of fluoride treatments every years(sic)". I doubt it is anything close to that. In any event, that is not the issue. Your portrayal of the death of a little 3-year old boy, who's parents had to watch him die a horrible death, as a "45 cubic centimeter" problem, is a callous attempt to trivialize this very real danger. I doubt this little boy's parents saw this as a "45 cubic centimeter" problem.
Fluoride is a POISON. The American Dental Association has gone to great lengths to convince the American public and the rest of the world that fluoride is as safe as sugar, in fact, even more so than sugar.
It is quite obvious that fluoride ISN'T safe at ALL. The idea of putting a highly toxic, knowingly lethal dose of a substance in ANYONE'S mouth is beyond comprehension. It would be unethical even if it were part of a life saving procedure, let alone a DENTAL procedure. And for the ADA to use their junk science to convince people to bring their little boy's and girl's to the dentist to have this procedure done is outright madness.
A "probably toxic dose" (PTD), where immediate medical intervention is warranted, is given as 5mg fluoride for every kilogram of body weight. It is also stated in the reference that the fatal dose of fluoride is from 32 to 64 mg fluoride/kg. For the lethal dose, we'll take an average of 48 mg F/kg.
Consider the case of a 30 pound child, the average weight for a 3 year old boy.
Weight in kilograms
Child: 50 lbs. = 13.6 kg
PTD (Probably Toxic Dose)
Child: 5mg * 13.6 = 68 mg
"Known" lethal dose
Child: 48 * 13.6 = 653 mg
Fluoride treatments are labled as containing up to 22,600 ppm:
However, if you take a look at the Colgate Duraphat mentioned in the above link, you'll see that it has 50 mg of sodium fluoride, although they state a fluoride availablity of 22.6 mg, thus the 22,600 ppm figure. We know that sodium fluoride can reach 42,200 ppm in water, which is what saliva and stomach juices chiefly consists of. So IF the patient swallows the product, MOST if not ALL of the fluoride will be available, especially if when it hits the blood stream. The amount of blood in the human body is roughly 8% of body weight, so for a 30 lb. (13. 6 kg) child that would equate to roughly 1.09 kg of blood. And as plasma contitutes 60% of blood, there'd be .65 kg of plasma. One liter of water weighs one kilogram, and plama is chiefly water, let's say there's about 0.5 liters of water in the blood of a 3 year old boy. If sodium fluoride can reach 42,200 ppm in one liter of water, then that means it could reach approximately 21,100 ppm, or 21.1 grams. So we can say that 50 mg of fluoride is available if swallowed.
It is obvious that 50mg is enough to kill a 3 year old boy, so I'd say the KNOWN lethal dose is closer to 3.7 mg of fluoride per kilogram of body weight.
Toothpaste listed in the document linked below is described as to be "sent home with the child" is listed as having 4000 ppm of fluoride, and there is even some there listed as having 5000 ppm of fluoride.
Studies show that adults can absorb up to 0.5 mg per "TV ribbon" brushing. Small children, even if pea-size amount is used, will still absorb the same, more if the child is younger and has less swallowing control skills. Half a tube of toothpaste can kill a child. Current content of sodium fluoride in toothpaste in Canada and the US is up to 0.4% = 4000 ppm (parts per million). Bubblegum-flavored dentifrice obviously is especially inviting for children. Since April 1997 all toothpaste in the US must carry a warning label, advising parents what to do if their child swallows more than the pea-size brushing amount. Wholesale containers carry the poison symbol of skull and crossbones.
The ADA says that fluoride is perfectly safe. I disagree with that, and find that it is reckless to portray fluoride that way. To me, this is nothing other than a massive game of russian roulette. You mention negligence, well, there IS obviously some negligence here, reckless, gross negligence I'd say.
I see that you cut and pasted all the "references" from the ADA website.
I can see why they don't provide any links to these studies, as many of them actually provided detrimental information.
Let's look at the reference given as;
187. Mullenix PJ, Denbesten PK, Schunior A, Kernan WJ. Neurotoxicity of sodium fluoride in rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 1995;17(2):169-77.
THAT study actually shows how sodium fluoride is neurotoxic...
Neurotoxicity of sodium fluoride in rats
And there are many other studies that refer to it..
Fluoride's Neurological Effects:
In Harms Way: Toxic Threats to Child Development
And of course, there are other studies that the ADA DIDN'T list..
FLUORIDE-LINKED DOWN SYNDROME BIRTHS AND THEIR ESTIMATED OCCURRENCE DUE TO WATER FLUORIDATION
It is apparent that you've tried to dazzle the readers with your long list of references, just as the ADA hopes to dazzle those who visit their website. Most people would never take the time to even give it a second thought, and simply ASSUME that those papers cited actually PROMOTE the ADA's position. What a clever ruse....
Sure, there might be a few studies performed BY the ADA that promotes their position, and there might be a few studies performed by those with a vested interest in the matter that might side with them. But the OVERWHELMING volume of evidence clearly shows that fluoride IS a poison, and has NO redeeming value WHATSOEVER.
National and International Organizations that Recognize the Public Health Benefits of Community Water Fluoridation for Preventing Dental Decay
Academy of Dentistry International
Academy of General Dentistry
Academy of Sports Dentistry
Alzheimers Association
American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology
American Academy of Family Physicians
American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
American Academy of Pediatrics
American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry
American Academy of Periodontology
American Association for the Advancement of Science
American Association for Dental Research
American Association of Community Dental Programs
American Association of Dental Schools
American Association of Endodontists
American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
American Association of Orthodontists
American Association of Public Health Dentistry
American Cancer Society
American College of Dentists
American College of Physicians American Society of Internal Medicine
American College of Prosthodontists
American Council on Science and Health
American Dental Assistants Association
American Dental Association
American Dental Hygienists Association
American Dietetic Association
American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial
Organizations
American Hospital Association
American Medical Association
American Nurses Association
American Osteopathic Association
American Pharmaceutical Association
American Public Health Association
American School Health Association
American Society of Clinical Nutrition
American Society of Dentistry for Children
American Society for Nutritional Sciences
American Student Dental Association
American Veterinary Medical Association
American Water Works Association
Association for Academic Health Centers
Association of Maternal and Child Health Programs
Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors
Association of State and Territorial Health Officials
British Dental Association
British Fluoridation Society
British Medical Association
Canadian Dental Association
Canadian Dental Hygienists Association
Canadian Medical Association
Canadian Nurses Association
Canadian Paediatric Society
Canadian Public Health Association
Chocolate Manufacturers Association
Consumer Federation of American
Delta Dental Plans Association
European Organization for Caries Research
FDI World Dental Federation
Federation of Special Care Organizations in Dentistry
-- Academy of Dentistry for Persons with Disabilities
-- American Association of Hospital Dentists
-- American Society for Geriatric Dentistry
Health Insurance Association of America
Hispanic Dental Association
International Association for Dental Research
International Association for Orthodontics
International College of Dentists
Institute of Medicine
National Academy of Sciences
National Alliance for Oral Health
National Association of County and City Health Officials
National Association of Dental Assistants
National Confectioners Association
National Council Against Health Fraud
National Dental Assistants Association
National Dental Association
National Dental Hygienists Association
National Down Syndrome Congress
National Down Syndrome Society
National Foundation of Dentistry for the Handicapped
National Kidney Foundation
National PTA
National Research Council
Society of American Indian Dentists
The Dental Health Foundation (of California)
US Department of Defense
US Department of Veterans Affairs
US Public Health Service
Centers for Disease and Prevention (CDC)
Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)
Indian Health Service (IHS)
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
World Federation of Orthodontists
World Health Organization
Probably a few scientists in there.
The is analagous to someone giving a child an entire bottle of aspirin and then saying we should ban aspirin because it killed him.
As I said earlier, everything is toxic at high enough doses, even water, do you want to ban water?
It is quite obvious that fluoride ISN'T safe at ALL.
In the rest of your diatribe you completely forgot to mention that there are 3700 studies done since 1970 that show fluoride is safe.
THAT study actually shows how sodium fluoride is neurotoxic...
Well, yes and no, I should have deleted that one, however, that still leaves you with around 280 in that one list alone you've ignored. Also, as we've learned over the years (can you say "ALAR", toxicity in rats does not necessarily apply to humans). Anyway, there are some problems with that study.
In addition, the experiment also studied the offspring of rats who were injected two to three times a day with fluoride during their pregnancies in an effort to show that prenatal exposure resulted in hyperactivity in male offspring.
However, two scientists who reviewed the 1995 study188 have suggested that the observations made can be readily explained by mechanisms that do not involve neurotoxicity. The scientists found inadequacies in experimental design that may have led to invalid conclusions. For example, the results of the experiment were not confirmed by the use of control groups which are an essential feature of test validation and experimental design. In summary the scientists stated, "We do not believe the study by Mullenix et al. can be interpreted in any way as indicating the potential for NaF (sodium fluoride) to be a neurotoxicant." Another reviewer104 noted, "...it seems more likely that the unusually high brain fluoride concentrations reported in Mullenix et al. were the result of some analytical error."
So, like I said, that leaves 280 or so studies you've yet to discount.
And that still leaves 3500 studies yet to go.
Aspirin is a medicine Tom. It is administered ONLY when needed, and then ONLY in measured doses. They don't pump it into the water supply, they don't spray it on vegetables, and they don't put it in toothpaste.
As I said earlier, everything is toxic at high enough doses, even water, do you want to ban water?
Fluoride has cululative toxic effects as well as short term toxicity. It is a poison, with no nutritional value whatsover. It destroys and/or inhibits vital cellular functions. Water is needed for life. There's a bit of a difference between the two..
You can jump around this issue all you want, you can't change the facts. Why is it SO important to you that we continually expose ourselves and our children to this horrendous poison?
You can obfuscuate this all you wish, the facts remain clear. Fluoride is a poison, and any ethical scientist will tell you that.
All that you have proved is that those who promote fluoride care more about their pocketbooks than the health and wellbeing of the human beings that live on this Earth.
It is just one example of how there are apparently some who hold highly respected positions that DO NOT care about human health whatsoever, and actively discourage or discredit ANY evidence contrary to their propaganda.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.