[_Jim]

The 'Code Division' and the 'Multiple Access'?

I'm going to point to Qualcomm and some of their pioneering work with the satellite comm systems they worked on for years (they own a bundle of fundamental patents in this area) ...

[apochromat]

I fairly sure the concept of "code division" (a form of multiplex) was around at the end of WWII. About the same for shared channel access arbitration (multiple access).

[apochromat]

I'm also guessing that the number of ways of combining CD and MA is practically endless.

[apochromat]

I'll defer to your expertise.

I think that sometimes, that sort of technology emerges into the public domain by indirect routes.

As I understand it, CD is at the physical layer, and MA is basically the concept of multiplex access protocol, so it can be considered to exist at the network layer, although CDMA apparently could be conceptually lumped together and considered as the physical layer for other link/network layers, such as TCP/IP, but the latency calls for clever work-arounds.