Not necessarily It's precisely because we grew up that way that it's difficult to imagine any other perspective. But consider the classical Greeks and Romans, with their pagan gods. Surely they valued their lives. As did people in other traditions before them. I think it's inherent in our being alive that we value our lives, unless we're involved in some kind of death-cult which teaches something contrary. So it's quite understandable to me that an atheist would consider his life as valuable to him as your life is to you. Maybe even more valuable, because of its brevity.
Well, yes, but they didn't value anybody else's, emotional connections aside.