Once spotted, the AEGIS system can engage it, but its no sure thing and there is little time to make multiple engagements. If enough of these missiles are launched, they could theeoretically saturate an AEGIS defense. That is why most carrier battle groups now have more than one AEGIS capable ship with them ... both Ticonderoga Cruisers and Arliegh Burk destroyers.
The SS-N-26 is equally dangerous with an even longer range (300 km vs 250 km) and it can be ship, air, land or sub launched.
The Russians have spent considerable effort in deigning weapons to counter our carriers. These missiles can do so if enough are fired, and (here's the big "if") if they can locate our CBG.
The closer we have to come to an engagement of the sort of Taiwan, the more easily our locations can be predicted. But even thn, the AEGIS defense system and the defense in depth provided for our carriers will be a tough nut to vrack for missile technology.
That is why in my book seriesthe Chinese put so much effort into the "super" supercavitating weapons technology. IN the books these more conventional methods are used as well by the belligerent nations. I have them using conventional version (most of these were deisgned to carry small nukes) because of the desire for these belligerent nations (which do not include Russia) to avoid playing to our trump card in any nuclear exchange.