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Scientists estimate 30 billion Earths
bbc ^ | 3 Jul 02 | Dr David Whitehouse

Posted on 07/03/2002 9:03:47 AM PDT by RightWhale

Scientists estimate 30 billion Earths

By Dr David Whitehouse , BBC News Online science editor

Astronomers say there could be billions of Earths in our galaxy, the Milky Way.

Their assessment comes after the discovery of the 100th exoplanet - a planet that circles a star other than our own.

The latest find is a gas giant, just like all the other exoplanets so far detected, and orbits a Sun-like star 293 light-years away.

Scientists say they are now in a position to try to estimate how many planets may exist in the galaxy and speculate on just how many could be like the Earth. The answer in both cases is billions.

Virtually all the stars out to about 100 light-years distant have been surveyed. Of these 1,000 or so stars, about 10% have been found to possess planetary systems.

So, with about 300 billion stars in our galaxy, there could be about 30 billion planetary systems in the Milky Way alone; and a great many of these systems are very likely to include Earth-like worlds , say researchers.

Better grasp

The 100th new planet circles the star HD 2039. It was found by astronomers using the Anglo-Australian Telescope as part of the Carnegie Institution Planet Search Program.

The Jupiter-sized world circles its star every 1,210 days at a distance of about 320 million kilometres (200 million miles).

Astronomer Dr Jean Schneider, who compiles the Extrasolar Planets Catalogue, told BBC News Online: "The 100th planet is symbolic and important.

"The first discoveries concentrated on short orbital periods because of the limited timebase of observations. Now, we are learning more about the statistics of long orbital periods and know to what extent our own Jupiter is exceptional or not."

New telescopes

With the new world, astronomers say that they have just about finished surveying all the Sun-like stars out to a distance of 100 light-years from Earth.

Current planet detection technology - based on the "wobble" induced in the parent star by the gravitational pull of the orbiting planet - can only detect worlds about the mass of Saturn or larger. Earth-sized worlds are too small to be seen.

But even in this "biased" survey of giants, the smaller worlds predominate - which makes astronomers think that Earth-like worlds do exist. They may even be as common as Jupiter-sized exoplanets.

And if stellar statistics gathered in our local region of space are applied to our galaxy of 300 billion stars, then there may be 30 billion Jupiter-like worlds and perhaps as many Earth-like worlds as well.

Astronomers will have to wait for a new generation of space-based telescopes incorporating advanced detectors before they can detect Earth-sized worlds orbiting other stars.


TOPICS: Culture/Society; Extended News
KEYWORDS: earth; galaxy; goliath; planets; space; xplanets
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To: HardStarboard
This is truly good news - now all the Hollywood people who want to leave America can leave earth and mankind behind entirely since they are "above" us all anyway!

Endless space...the perfect environment for Hollywood liberals...it matches what's inside their heads.

81 posted on 07/03/2002 11:25:19 AM PDT by Tolerance Sucks Rocks
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To: RightWhale
It's just my opinion, but I think that our Earth-bound situation is completely hopeless.

For a budding space-faring race, Humans got dealt a folding hand. The biggest burn is the dead ball that orbits our planet. A living moon would have been critical to our chances. The next insurmountable barrier is that there are no other planets in our Solar System that can sustain life (get out of here, Io). Forget about travel to even the nearest star. All we could hope to do is seed another planet in a distant system with our genetic material.

I'd love for someone in the future to prove me a defeatist long after my death, but I think such endeavors such as SETI to be a tremendous excersise in futile masturbation.

I'm against conservation because it's akin to a starving family trying to save the last slice of baloney in an otherwise-empty refrigerator.

Drive SUVs, and drink to excess while it lasts.

Have a wonderful holiday weekend, RightWhale. :)

82 posted on 07/03/2002 11:25:53 AM PDT by The KG9 Kid
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To: dtel
I hope there is

It's all what-ifs at the present.

There are 2 possibilities. Either there are others like us out there or there aren't. If there are, a lot of people will have to rework their way of thnking. If there aren't, a lot of people will have to rework their way of thinking. My uncle Frank won't have to rework his way of thinking since he already thinks it probably will have nothing to do with him anyway.

83 posted on 07/03/2002 11:26:50 AM PDT by RightWhale
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To: RightWhale
I wonder what sort of galactic distribution we're looking at here. Too close to Galactic Center, and the radiation is too great, along with relative scarcity of heavy elements. Too far away, and there's not enough heavy elements floating around to be scarfed up by newly-forming star systems. Galactic distribution of these possible planets may very well be donut-shaped. I wonder if we're at the median distance from the Center (at 33,000+/- light years away), or are we on one of the edges of the distribution? It may help any explorers to know where they're likely to find these worlds (going spinward/antispinward as opposed to coreward/rimward).

Even so, the volume of space to search in is likely pretty big. Anyone know the equation to find the volume of a torus? Now if these planets are plentiful enough, and relatively few of them have intelligent starfaring species on them, and the distances aren't too far between habitable worlds, then things will likely be relatively peaceful, with everyone having room to grow. On the other hand, if habitable planets are really scarce, I suspect that neutron bombs will be part of any terraforming package, to deal with the locals so we can take their real estate.

84 posted on 07/03/2002 11:26:54 AM PDT by adx
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To: laredo44
may you all enjoy a happy fourth!

Yes, thanks, and to you, too.

85 posted on 07/03/2002 11:28:17 AM PDT by RightWhale
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To: ShadowAce
So how can they possibly make the claim of earth-like planets? EVERY other planet found has been a gas giant. I'll start to believe this nonsense when they actually do find a planet remotely similar to ours.

It's not that the gas giants are the only ones out there, it's just that they are the only ones large enough to create a "wobble" that can be measured, with existing technology, in the star being observed.

86 posted on 07/03/2002 11:29:03 AM PDT by Vinnie_Vidi_Vici
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To: RightWhale
Asteroids, of course, need power if you want to live there.

I suppose you could erect solar panels on the uninhabited outside of each "hollow earth" to capture solar energy.

87 posted on 07/03/2002 11:31:14 AM PDT by Tolerance Sucks Rocks
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To: RightWhale
It's going to be interesting during the next ten years if NASA and ESA get their earth detectors launched.

I figure that they'll go off instantly while pointing back down here. "Yup we detected earth. It's right over there"

I have the same problem with the stud detector that my wife bought me for Christmas. Everytime I pick it up it goes off

God Save America (Please)

88 posted on 07/03/2002 11:32:55 AM PDT by John O
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To: The KG9 Kid
Drive SUVs, and drink to excess while it lasts.

The Fitzgerald translation of Omar is hopelessly bogus. Burn your copy. And have a happy and safe fourth.

89 posted on 07/03/2002 11:34:57 AM PDT by RightWhale
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To: Tolerance Sucks Rocks
solar panels

Sure. It will work fine. But if you intend to go travelling in your hollow asteroid to other stars it won't do the job. For that something else is needed. I'll leave the tech design to others since I don't imagine I will be leaving the solar system.

90 posted on 07/03/2002 11:39:03 AM PDT by RightWhale
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To: John O
They will get actual images of the surfaces of earth-size planets in other solar systems, although with 4 pixels there won't be a lot of detail.
91 posted on 07/03/2002 11:41:36 AM PDT by RightWhale
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To: RightWhale
I'm disappointed. I worked so hard to get my stud detector joke in there and it was overlooked or ignored.

GSA(P)

92 posted on 07/03/2002 11:46:50 AM PDT by John O
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To: RightWhale
We now have proof, which we did not have a few short years ago, that other solar systems exist. We don't know much more about them than that, but it's amazing that we can detect them from these incredible distances.

What this confirms is that the formation of planets is not a unique phenomenon and that we can expect a certain percentage of stars out there to have planets. Our galaxy is hardly the only galaxy in the universe. Even if only one star in a billion has a planet like earth, we are still talking about hundreds of billions of similar planets.

That doesn't suggest that there is life on any of them, nor does it suggest that there can't be life on every single one of them.

93 posted on 07/03/2002 11:46:57 AM PDT by Dog Gone
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To: adx
FROM: http://www.seds.org/messier/more/mw.html
Below we give some data for the Galactic Center (this and all following positions for epoch 2000.0):

Right ascension 17 : 45.6 (h : m)
Declination -28 : 56 (deg : m)
Distance 28 (kly)

Our Sun, together with the whole Solar System, is orbiting the Galactic Center at the distance given, on a nearly circular orbit. We are moving at about 250 km/sec, and need about 220 million years to complete one orbit (so the Solar System has orbited the Galactic Center about 20 to 21 times since its formation about 4.6 billion years ago). The Galactic North Pole is at

Right ascension 12 : 51.4 (h : m)
Declination +27 : 07 (deg : m)


Considering the sense of rotation, the Galaxy, at the Sun's position, is rotating toward the direction of Right Ascension 21:12.0, Declination +48:19. This shows that it rotates "backward" in the Galactic coordinate system, i.e. the Galactic North Pole is actually a physical South Pole with respect to galactic rotation. The coordinate data given here were extracted from the online coordinate calculator at Nasa's Extragalactical Database (NED).

94 posted on 07/03/2002 11:51:40 AM PDT by ChadGore
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To: ChadGore
Re: "Our Solar System has orbited the Galactic Center about 20 to 21 times since its formation about 4.6 billion years ago."

What I find amazing is, on a galactic scale, our solar system is barly old enough to drink a beer and play with stud detectors. (ya happy John O? I worked it in :)

95 posted on 07/03/2002 11:59:39 AM PDT by ChadGore
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To: adx
"... Anyone know the equation to find the volume of a torus?"


96 posted on 07/03/2002 12:00:05 PM PDT by The KG9 Kid
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To: RightWhale
Okay, for those that don't know that a scientist already started on an equation for life on other planets in 1961...

Here's the Link:

Drake Equation

Being an Art Bell time-shifter, he had a physicist was a different viewpoint on last year. Not about
intelligent life on other planets per se, but in a crowded bit of space, cataclysmic collisions with occur.

Bottom line is that he thinks SETI is looking in the wrong place.

97 posted on 07/03/2002 12:03:32 PM PDT by Calvin Locke
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To: Savage Beast
>Maybe so, but I'm beginning to feel kinda cramped.

No wonder. In 1950 there were 2.5 billion people on earth and in 2000 there were 6 billion. You ARE getting cramped.

98 posted on 07/03/2002 12:06:49 PM PDT by DrCarl
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To: Dog Gone
Obviously we have to send expeditions out in as many radial directions from the solar system as possible to ground-truth as much of the universe as we can reach. We should start immediately. Seems like we have nothing better to do but pick fights over tiny desert tracts that nobody really wants.
99 posted on 07/03/2002 12:07:23 PM PDT by RightWhale
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To: Calvin Locke
...he had a physicist was a different...

Er, make that "he had a physicist on with...".

I got sidetracked getting the format for the formerly display submit screen example of posting links.

100 posted on 07/03/2002 12:09:30 PM PDT by Calvin Locke
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