[Physicist]

Mathematics and logic do not address cause and effect.

Sure they do. Any time-dependent expression does so explicitly.

[AndrewC]

Any time-dependent expression does so explicitly.

Time does not exist for mathematics. That "meaning" is imposed upon the mathematical construct.

[apochromat]

It is possible to express a variable as a function of time even though the variable is normally considered as being independent of time in any useful sense. The weight of an axe as it is being ground would not be a function of time as much as it would be a function of applied forces, for example, but it would still be measurable as a function of time. Or maybe the universe is completely deterministic.