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  Welcome, sourcery
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April 14, 2002

'Intelligent Design Creationism and Its Critics': Supernatural Selection


INTELLIGENT DESIGN CREATIONISM AND ITS CRITICS
Philosophical, Theological, and Scientific Perspectives.

Edited by Robert T. Pennock.
Illustrated. 805 pp. Cambridge, Mass.: A Bradford Book/The MIT Press. Cloth, $110. Paper, $45.



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(Page 2 of 2)

Michael Behe attacks Darwinism at the molecular level, recapitulating the case he made in his 1996 book, ''Darwin's Black Box.'' If you peer inside a cell, Behe says, you see wonderfully intricate little machines, made out of proteins, that carry on the functions necessary for life. They are so precisely engineered that they exhibit what he calls ''irreducible complexity'': alter or remove a single part and the whole thing would grind to a halt. How could such cellular machinery have evolved in piecemeal fashion through a series of adaptations, as Darwinism holds?

Alvin Plantinga makes a philosophical assault on Darwinism, claiming that it is self-undermining. Suppose the Darwinian theory of evolution were true. Then, Plantinga submits, our mental machinery, having developed from that of lower animals, would be highly unreliable when it came to generating true theories. (As it happens, Darwin himself once confessed to the same ''horrid doubt'' about his theory in a letter: ''Would anyone trust in the convictions of a monkey's mind?'') In other words, if our belief in Darwinism were true, then none of our theoretical beliefs would be reliable -- including our belief in Darwinism. Theism, by contrast, escapes this difficulty: if we are made in the image of God, the ultimate knower, then divine providence can be counted on to have supplied us with reliable cognitive faculties.

William Dembski bases his anti-Darwinian argument on what he calls ''the law of conservation of information.'' Our DNA contains a wealth of complex information, he observes. How did it get there? Natural causes can't be responsible. For natural causes comprise only chance and necessity; and, he purports to show, neither chance nor necessity, nor any combination of the two, can create information. Therefore, the origin of genetic information ''is best sought in intelligent causes.''

SEEING how the Darwinians go about rebutting these arguments makes for high intellectual entertainment. To counter Behe's irreducible complexity argument, they give a fascinating account of how proteins that originally evolved for one function can be co-opted by the cell for another; through such ''exaptation,'' complicated cellular machinery can be built up in a gradual Darwinian way. How about Plantinga's argument that Darwinism is self-undermining? That is met by a subtle exploration of issues in the theory of knowledge -- in particular, the evolutionary relationship between true belief and successful action. As for Dembski's ''information theory'' argument, this turns out to be the old and discredited claim that ''Darwinism can't explain complexity'' dressed up in fancy -- but misleading -- mathematical language.

Despite the ingenuity of the neo-creos, the Not Darwinism part of their strategy is pretty clearly a failure. And they have another problem, which might be labeled Not intelligent design. If nature were fashioned by a hands-on Divine Artificer, it ought to exhibit a certain elegance and efficiency. Then what of all the imperfections

we see in the biological world? Why are organisms burdened with maladaptive features like the webbed feet of the frigate bird, which does not need them for paddling? Why is our genome littered with nonfunctional junk DNA? Why have 99.99 percent of the species that have ever existed gone extinct -- including the poor dinosaurs, created only to be wiped out by an errant asteroid? As Gould remarks, ''Odd arrangements and funny solutions are the proof of evolution -- paths that a sensible God would never tread but that a natural process, constrained by history, follows perforce.''

If the proponents of intelligent design had carried their case, it would have amounted to a slam-dunk for theism. With Darwin, you remain free to believe or disbelieve in God, just as you like. But have the neo-creos at least made it possible to be an intellectually fulfilled creationist? On the evidence of this volume, not quite.

Jim Holt writes a column about philosophy and science for Slate.com.

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1 posted on 04/14/2002 12:31:25 AM PDT by sourcery
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To: sourcery
intellectually fulfilled creationist

A new, 21st Century oxymoron.

2 posted on 04/14/2002 2:00:57 AM PDT by Jeff Gordon
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To: sourcery
International National Nation Challenged Politics Business Technology Science Health Sports New York Region Education Weather Obituaries NYT Front Page Corrections Editorials/Op-Ed Readers' Opinions Arts Books - Sunday Book Review - Best-Seller Lists - First Chapters - Columns Movies Travel Dining & Wine Home & Garden Fashion & Style New York Today Crossword/Games Cartoons Magazine Week in Review Photos College Learning Network Archive Classifieds Theater Tickets NYT Mobile NYT Store E-Cards & More About NYTDigital Jobs at NYTDigital Online Media Kit Our Advertisers Your ProfileE-Mail PreferencesNews TrackerPremium AccountSite Help Home DeliveryCustomer ServiceElectronic EditionMedia...

Great lead paragraph!

3 posted on 04/14/2002 4:08:19 AM PDT by Rudder
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To: VadeRetro; jennyp; junior; longshadow; crevo_list; RadioAstronomer; Scully; Piltdown_Woman...
Placemarker and PH's BUMP-list


4 posted on 04/14/2002 6:58:04 AM PDT by BMCDA
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To: sourcery
If nature were fashioned by a hands-on Divine Artificer, it ought to exhibit a certain elegance and efficiency. Then what of all the imperfections we see in the biological world?

I doubt if individual conscience would exist if imerfection didn't exist. There would be no one to ask the question.

Why is our genome littered with nonfunctional junk DNA?

Another thing that scares me about scientists, a group not to be confused with science.

9 posted on 04/14/2002 9:08:52 AM PDT by apochromat
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To: sourcery
As soon as I saw intelligent design, I made the connection to Creationists trying to play scientist.

Sorry, Creationists are NOT scientists, they are Mythologists. There is a BIG difference.

Intelligent design tries to take science and mythology and mix the 2. But Science and mythology are diametrically opposed, it is like mixing oil and water. It does NOT work, and will not work.
14 posted on 04/14/2002 11:50:53 AM PDT by Aric2000
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To: sourcery
 if we are made in the image of God, the ultimate knower, then divine providence can be counted
on to have supplied us with reliable cognitive faculties.

In which  case our construction of Darwinism can be counted on to be reliable.

48 posted on 04/14/2002 2:09:31 PM PDT by gcruse
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To: sourcery
What they deny is that the standard Darwinian theory... suffices to explain the whole of life. The biological world, they contend, is rife with evidence of intelligent design -- evidence that points with near certainty to the intervention of an Intelligent Designer.

Ultimately, either view comes down to faith. Whatever teaching you believe will be your dominant view. How long will it take science to take evolution to its logical conclusion and find that beyond there is a kind of spiritual evolution that will give them hope, alone as they are, in the Holy of Holies.

55 posted on 04/14/2002 2:24:21 PM PDT by WhiteyAppleseed
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To: sourcery
I'm not worried. Scientists will find a way to replace all that selfish "junk DNA" with valuable jellyfish DNA.
95 posted on 04/14/2002 4:37:54 PM PDT by apochromat
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To: sourcery
But the core thesis that all living things have a common ancestry, long supported by the pattern of structural similarities among them and by the fossil record, has received stunning new confirmation from molecular genetics.

Idiot alert! Even the most wacko darwinists (Gould, Dawkins, Eldridge, etc.) admit the fossil record fails to support them. It would be nice to see a review by someone with a little knowledge on the subject, instead of whatever left-wing ideologue is available today at the Times.

99 posted on 04/14/2002 6:43:29 PM PDT by Timmy
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To: sourcery
In 1996, for example, Pope John Paul II said that the theory of evolution had been ''proved true'' and asserted its consistency with Roman Catholic doctrine.

Well, this is a lie. Do I smell a whiff of desperation? Here's the 1996 Magisterium, and here's a relevant excerpt:
Consequently, theories of evolution which, in accordance with the philosophies inspiring them, consider the mind as emerging from the forces of living matter, or as a mere epiphenomenon of this matter, are incompatible with the truth about man.

But all you really have to know about this hit-piece which, not incidentally, is full of lies and mischaracterizations is:
Jim Holt writes a column about philosophy and science for Slate.com.

What we have here is just another Leftie Atheist book reviewer who has no allegiance whatever to the truth.

112 posted on 04/14/2002 8:45:10 PM PDT by Phaedrus
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To: sourcery
The case they make against Darwinism...

It's interesting that the author uses these term. Is there any background on the author?

113 posted on 04/14/2002 8:47:24 PM PDT by <1/1,000,000th%
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To: sourcery
Alvin Plantinga makes a philosophical assault on Darwinism, claiming that it is self-undermining. Suppose the Darwinian theory of evolution were true. Then, Plantinga submits, our mental machinery, having developed from that of lower animals, would be highly unreliable when it came to generating true theories. (As it happens, Darwin himself once confessed to the same ''horrid doubt'' about his theory in a letter: ''Would anyone trust in the convictions of a monkey's mind?'') In other words, if our belief in Darwinism were true, then none of our theoretical beliefs would be reliable -- including our belief in Darwinism. Theism, by contrast, escapes this difficulty: if we are made in the image of God, the ultimate knower, then divine providence can be counted on to have supplied us with reliable cognitive faculties.
Ah, but many creationists on these threads have claimed that we are "fallen" - all human imperfections are explained by The Fall. Therefore, any inabilities we may have are explained by Original Sin. So Plantinga's argument fails.
127 posted on 04/14/2002 11:21:47 PM PDT by jennyp
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To: sourcery; Jeff Gordon; Rudder
Intelligent design is not creationism.

Such is only a tie that's made by those who have an anti-intelligent design agenda.

The intelligent designer of the ID theory can as easily be an advanced race elsewhere in the universe. It does not have to be a "god."

The proposition, quite simply, is that the ID math model says there's too much complexity on earth for the allowable time in which all this complexity is supposed to have arisen.

174 posted on 04/15/2002 9:08:03 AM PDT by xzins
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To: sourcery
But why, the neo-creos ask, should other sorts of explanations -- those positing intelligent causes, supernatural interventions -- be ruled out by fiat? To do so betrays a commitment to "metaphysical naturalism," the doctrine that nature is a system of material causes and effects sealed off from outside influences; and that, they say, is a matter of faith, not proof.

That which cannot be proven or disproven, even in theory, must be excluded from any discussion of objective reality, or else the floodgates of meaningless mush are opened. It is impossible to prove or disprove that an silent, transparent, impalbable gerbil is sitting on your shoulder, and any time you waste cogitating upon the issue is taken away from issues upon which you might actually form some meaningful conclusions.

195 posted on 04/15/2002 12:21:57 PM PDT by steve-b
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To: sourcery
Frankly, if the best argument Darwinists have for Christians swallowing their theories is that the pope says it's okay, then they have a long way to go. The pope also believes the bread and wine taken at communion turn into flesh and blood.
206 posted on 04/15/2002 3:09:43 PM PDT by MEGoody
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