Posted on 12/06/2001 4:46:03 AM PST by Darth Reagan
LONDON (Reuters) - After years of searching and months of sifting through data, scientists have still not found the elusive sub-atomic particle that could help to unravel the secrets of the universe, a science magazine said on Wednesday.
The Higgs boson, the missing link which could explain why matter has mass and other fundamental laws of particle physics, is still missing -- and physicists fear it may not exist.
``It's more likely than not that there is no Higgs,'' John Swain, of Northeastern University in Boston, told New Scientist magazine.
Scientists have been searching for the Higgs particle ever since Peter Higgs of Edinburgh University first proposed in the 1960s that it could explain why matter has mass.
Using the world's largest particle accelerator at the CERN (news - web sites) nuclear physics lab near Geneva, scientists had hunted for the Higgs boson, which has been dubbed the ``God particle,'' until the accelerator was closed late last year.
Accelerators hurl particles at nearly the speed of light on a collision course to break them up so scientists can study the nature of matter.
Scientists of the Electroweak Working Group at CERN, who had searched for the Higgs, said they had found no evidence of it at the energies where they had expected to find it.
``We've eliminated most of the hunting area,'' Neil Calder, of CERN, told the magazine.
New Scientist said the problem for physicists is that, without the Higgs particle, they do not have a viable theory of matter.
CERN adjourned the search for the Higgs when it closed the LEP (Large Electron-Positron) accelerator, but it is building a Large Hadron Collider that will be able to smash particles at even higher energies in 2007.
Godel's Theorem applies only to mathematical systems that encompass arithmetic of whole numbers. Other systems may be exempt. In fact, Godel himself demonstrated consistency of the predicate calculus.
The point is that a formalist would argue that Godel's Theorem devolves from the axioms used to derive it. It's true only because of the structure of the axiom set.
Hard-core intuitionists may not even regard it as an established proof because its proof requires that arithmetic be consistent, and if it's true then the Theorem itself implies that arithmetic cannot be shown to be consistent through the underlying axiom set. That is, Godel's Theorem is provable only if you can prove something that Godel's Theorem shows to be unprovable.
I'm not sure what you mean exactly. It is true that part of the mass loss is in the kinetic energy of flight of the particles -- but that particle could hit something and come to a dead stop, of course, and the mass loss of the original nuclear reaction is still the same.
I will keep asking until I receive a satisfactory response.
You have two complex belief systems attempting to interact here.
The term "God particle" creates the synapse.
Point taken, but the systems that do not address the topic of whole numbers--for that same reason--can't overturn Gödel's theorem, while the theorem applies to all systems that do address whole numbers. So the universality of the truth remains. If a system covers whole numbers, I can say before I see the axiom set that it is not both complete and consistent.
(I am laying aside the issue of whether Gödel may have been wrong, as I am not qualified to form my own opinion on the matter. There are always dissenters to any conclusion, certainly, but as an outsider I have to follow the strong consensus.)
The trade of mathematics is like cartography. Mapmakers make maps, and they use their choice of coordinate systems. Presumably, the properly made maps will all be correct according to their coordinate systems, but they rarely will look anything like each other when you compare them. Some cover different parts of the territory. Some cover the same territory, but use different projections (the shape of Greenland is very different in a Mercator projection than it is on a globe). Some use wildly different scales and rotations.
But here's the key: there is an objective territory to which the maps refer.
None of the arguments made by the formalists are wrong. It's just that they are arguments about maps. It is not possible to conclude on the basis of the maps that the maps are all that exist.
Then it is time for you to ask your question. Be specific, do not bother me with theory and I will answer you question. If you get into some hairbrained defence of evolution, then be prepared to explain exactly how the Bombadier Beattle evolved.
If your question is honest and deals with Christian Theology, then I will do my absolute best to answer you. BUT, I have absolutley no intention nor desire to argue the lie called evolution.
We will be using the KJV
Alas
Thank you for your forthrightness. You have answered my question.
Not quite. Not only can't the systems be too small (i.e. don't emcompass arithmetic) but they can't be too large. I think the technical lingo is that the methods of proof must be finitistic.
It gets even more geeky after one of them wins the girl.
You are most welcome.
Alas
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