They call it something else, but it’s the same thing. They understood the importance of such a framework.
An agreement between the people and the government, where certain rights of the people are guaranteed.
Israel also has Droids, Christians... While people call it a “Jewish State,” as you do, they have no official state religion.
There is a heavy dose of secularism in Israel, as this state has a lot of less than devout former eastern Europeans that were influenced by the socialist movements. Even the idea of a kibbutz is basically a communist commune.
Arab Israeli’s comprise one the the fastest growing demographics, and you have them in the Knesset: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arab_members_of_the_Knesset
How many Coptic Christians are in top positions in Egypt? If a Coptic Christian girl is kidnapped to be married off to a Muslim, do you think the authorities in Egypt try very hard to find her? If the Copts want to build or even renovate a church, do you think the authorities make if easy for them?
Israel does not have a "Constitution" --- which, by our definition, is the law of the land. Changing the Constitution is an arduous, years long process involving the Federal government and the States and requiring a super-majority.
At its founding, Israel rejected a Constitution and opted for designated "Basic Laws" which could be changed, removed or added at any time, with unlimited frequency requiring a majority vote by the Knesset seated in the moment.
Don't conflate our Constitution with the Israeli fluid, politically motivated process they have chosen.
It is not *me* calling Israel a Jewish State, the state itself does. With the passage of the Nation State law in 2018, Israel has not only a national religion, but culture and rights based on it, too.
The State of Israel is the national home of the Jewish people, in which it fulfills its natural, cultural, religious and historical right to self-determination. The right to exercise national self-determination in the State of Israel is unique to the Jewish people.
https://www.timesofisrael.com/final-text-of-jewish-nation-state-bill-set-to-become-law/