I am very careful not to join anyone’s bandwagon. My great grandfather emigrated in late 1800’s from Poland and his wife, my great-grandmother before him…escaping atrocities.
In the late 1800s, Poland did not exist.
Poland existed from 966 AD to 1795 AD then disappeared off the map until 1918. It was partitioned between Pru(to become Germany), Russia and Austria. The partitioning powers were explicit in not allowing the word Poland to be used as they feared freedom movements. The Poles had multiple uprisings in the 1800s, but didn’t succeed until the partitioning powers fought each other in the Great War