Golly.
The amount of charge expended to go a hill will always be greater than the amount of charge generated by going back down.
Friction ( air resistance, rolling and mech), heat, system inefficiencies and gravity on the way up.
Friction ( air resistance, rolling and mech), heat, system inefficiencies on the way down.
So, no free lunch. Ever.
“So, no free lunch. Ever.”
The ICE vehicle uses energy to go downhill and may burn out the brakes.
The EV gets free energy going downhill and may. not require brakes.
If you want to burn gas and brakes going downhill, go for it. If you want free energy and save your brakes, go EV.
“Friction ( air resistance, rolling and mech), heat, system inefficiencies and gravity on the way up.”
Same for both.
But with the EV you get gravity energy back and a lot less friction. Win-win for EV.
“The amount of charge expended to go a hill will always be greater than the amount of charge generated by going back down.”
But the total energy expended will be less for the EV. And you don’t wear out your brakes.