When the word Jew is used to describe an individual it is meaningless these days because Judaism has been around for thousands of years and has splintered into at least a half a dozen interpretations.
When you say a person is a Catholic you can figure out what he believes as it is pretty consistent.
That is not the Case with the Jews and why they have extreme views on Israel and other religious interpretations. - Tom
Tom, your comparison would be best suited to for instance either “American conservative Judaism vs. Catholicism,” or “Judaism vs. Christianity.”
There are many more “types” of Christians in the world than there are of Jews.
(I’d venture maybe 15 “types” of Jews including not just the U.S. Ashkenazi types but the Sephardim from Aleppo, Damascus, the Africans, etc..)