[JBW1949]

The premiums for the agriculture products shipped to the north were paid at a pitiful rate and the north was charging exorbitant rates and taxes for the building and industrial products the south needed...

[Bull Snipe]

what are “premiums” on agricultural products shipped to the North. What taxes did the Federal Government charge against building and industrial products.

[BroJoeK]

JBW1949: "The premiums for the agriculture products shipped to the north were paid at a pitiful rate and the north was charging exorbitant rates and taxes for the building and industrial products the south needed..."

I suspect you're projecting post-Civil War depressed South conditions back onto the pre-war very prosperous South.
To see how wrong that is, consider this Mississippi "Reasons for Secession" explanation:

"Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery-- the greatest material interest of the world.
Its labor supplies the product which constitutes by far the largest and most important portions of commerce of the earth.
These products are peculiar to the climate verging on the tropical regions, and by an imperious law of nature, none but the black race can bear exposure to the tropical sun.
These products have become necessities of the world, and a blow at slavery is a blow at commerce and civilization."

Note that Mississippians in 1861 were most concerned about protecting slavery.
They never mentioned "premiums", "rates" or "taxes".