There is a series of videos on youtube where a guy shoots .30-06 AP and 7.62 NATO AP at mild steel and AR500 steel targets. The .30-06 would pierce through 1” of mild steel whereas the 7.62 wouldn’t pierce through it. Both rounds were stopped by 1/2” AR500 steel.
As a kid with my handy lee loader. I'd tear down my Grandad's M2AP and load both bullets and powder into my 30-30. I knew that the powder was too slow for the 30-30, so I didn't even measure it. I'd fill the case up, just leaving room in the neck to seat the bullet. No steel to shoot at, but they'd sure go thru trees. Made a hell of a fireball though. Yes, I single loaded them.
Thanks for the test results. 06 is still an excellent cartridge.