It’s called the filibuster rule and has been in place since the founding of the republic.
Without 60 votes for ending debate, there is no vote to follow.
I don’t think you read my post. The majority, if it actually cares to win, may call the minority’s bluff and make it conduct the threatened filibuster. And Rule XIX provides a way to shorten a filibuster if it is actually attempted. Once a filibuster ends, whether by exhaustion or by the Two Speech Rule, the senate may then proceed to a majority vote. Call their bluff!