But still, the court did not rule that concealed carry is illegal, only that it is not required. Correct?
The way the 2nd amendment works (or should work), the right to keep and bear arms automatically allows concealed carry (subject to certain common-sense checks, not a felon or insane for example). What California did, and the Federal court concurred in, is that you have to prove you have a need to carry and the decision is completely up to the local sheriff. It's as if the you were arrested for a crime and instead of the presumption of innocence, you were already presumed guilty until you prove your innocence. The court has turned the 2nd amendment on its head.