[central_va]

The closet that a fleet carrier came to being sunk by land based aircraft was the USS Ben Franklin. Only miraculously super human effort kept her afloat.

[BroJoeK]

After Hornet sank in October 1942 no US fleet carriers were sunk by any enemy action -- whether sea-based, land-based, submarines, mines or anything else.
Of the Essex class carriers, Franklin was the most heavily damaged.

But smaller carriers were sunk throughout the war by all of the above, plus kamikazes.