The only religious beliefs I can recall from the show:
Precious little from the Original Series, Some stupid planet had proto-christians worshiping the Sun “Not the Sun” Uhura eventually figures out but the SON of God, I’m surprised Roddenberry allowed that.
Klingons with stupid Klingon beliefs.
DS9 had Bajorans worshiping the stupid aliens that lived in the wormhole. And slave races worshiping the Changelings cause they’d been bred too.
A few other aliens, usually fanatics or primitives.
A GD muzzie would be way out of place even for Federation libtards.
It’s hard to totally hate Christian faith. I know, because I tried before becoming a believer almost entirely (but not quite) against my will. Its charm gets through chinks in the soul. The Son/Sun pun gave Roddenberry a dramatic rationale.
It might be harder to find a place for any kind of Islam, even one that is not at war. What does it do that would interest anyone futuristic and sci-fi?