Have Catholics ever overthrown a Pope?
Well, that’s a tricky question. There were Popes that were deposed, but they’re not officially regarded as legitimate Popes, they are called “anti-Popes”.
Of course, it’s very convenient if you can declare someone an “anti-Pope” retroactively. Kind of like annulling a marriage. No need for a divorce if you can just say the marriage wasn’t legitimate to begin with.