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Epigenetics: The sins of the father - The roots of inheritance may extend beyond the genome...
Nature News ^ | 05 March 2014 | Virginia Hughes

Posted on 03/14/2014 1:07:40 PM PDT by neverdem

The roots of inheritance may extend beyond the genome, but the mechanisms remain a puzzle.

When Brian Dias became a father last October, he was, like any new parent, mindful of the enormous responsibility that lay before him. From that moment on, every choice he made could affect his newborn son's physical and psychological development. But, unlike most new parents, Dias was also aware of the influence of his past experiences — not to mention those of his parents, his grandparents and beyond.

Where one's ancestors lived, or how much they valued education, can clearly have effects that pass down through the generations. But what about the legacy of their health: whether they smoked, endured famine or fought in a war?

As a postdoc in Kerry Ressler's laboratory at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, Dias had spent much of the two years before his son's birth studying these kinds of questions in mice. Specifically, he looked at how fear associated with a particular smell affects the animals and leaves an imprint on the brains of their descendants.

Dias had been exposing male mice to acetophenone — a chemical with a sweet, almond-like smell — and then giving them a mild foot shock. After being exposed to this treatment five times a day for three days, the mice became reliably fearful, freezing in the presence of acetophenone even when they received no shock.

Ten days later, Dias allowed the mice to mate with unexposed females. When their young grew up, many of the animals were more sensitive to acetophenone than to other odours, and more likely to be startled by an unexpected noise during exposure to the smell. Their offspring — the 'grandchildren' of the mice trained to fear the smell — were also jumpier in the presence of acetophenone...

(Excerpt) Read more at nature.com ...


TOPICS: Culture/Society; Extended News; Testing
KEYWORDS: epigenetics; genetics; genomics; inheritance
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To: Black Agnes
Exposure of pregnant females to high doses of DBP (greater than 500,000 µg/kg BW/day) causes reduced fetal survival, reduced birth weights among surviving offspring, skeletal malformations and reproductive abnormalities in both male and female offspring associated with reduced fertility [15]. These three endocrine disruptors (BPA, DEHP and DBP) have been shown to be derived from various plastic bottles [16] and are common exposures in humans [6], [17].

Plastic baby bottles during the critical first few days of life (when mother's milk would normally carry the most important protections) could play a part... What I'm missing here - is why would this effect black women more than white women?

21 posted on 03/15/2014 10:01:34 AM PDT by GOPJ (From a bellwether to an "oh-whateverrrr" in less than a single news cycle. -freeper Fightin Whitey)
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To: GOPJ

Long story. Cultural assimilation of formula feeding might be one. Black women by and large do not breast feed.

They’re less likely to seek preconception/prenatal care and take prenatal vitamins.


22 posted on 03/15/2014 10:04:25 AM PDT by Black Agnes
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To: neverdem

Thanks. This is so fascinating.


23 posted on 03/15/2014 1:36:44 PM PDT by Yaelle
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To: GOPJ
What I'm missing here - is why would this effect black women more than white women?

White women are more likely to nurse their babies rather than bottle feed them.

It was probably the other way around in the not too distant past. It was considered "modern". Even in Africa it's so considered now.

24 posted on 03/15/2014 5:53:13 PM PDT by El Gato ("The second amendment is the reset button of the US constitution"-Doug McKay)
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To: Black Agnes
Try this for size:

Back when fats were demonized...

These are both gummint graphs. They're quite telling when you put them on top of each other. Notice when wee REALLY started to get fat. Watch those carbs, folks!

25 posted on 03/16/2014 1:02:45 PM PDT by Pharmboy (Democrats lie because they must.)
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To: Pharmboy

You’ll notice as well those graphs start when they began to nudge good and hard for nationalized healthcare.

You would never get a fairly healthy fit population to agree to such a thing. You would get a fat unhealthy sickly population to agree to it however...

Just sayin’.

And what has happened to pharma profits over the time since carbs and ‘healthy whole grains’ (that are whole grains but hardly healthy) became the base of the food pyramid?


26 posted on 03/16/2014 1:04:31 PM PDT by Black Agnes
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To: Black Agnes; neverdem
Nutrients.
2012 Aug;4(8):859-74. Epub 2012 Jul 26.
Infant nutrition and later health: a review of current evidence.

Robinson S1, Fall C.

Abstract
There is a growing recognition of the need for a lifecourse approach to understanding the aetiology of adult disease, and there is now significant evidence that links patterns of infant feeding to differences in health outcomes, both in the short and longer term. Breastfeeding is associated with lower rates of infection in infancy; in high-income populations, it is associated with reductions in blood pressure and total blood cholesterol, and lower risks of obesity and diabetes in adult life. Breastfeeding rates are suboptimal in many countries, and strategies to promote breastfeeding could therefore confer important benefits for health at a population level. However, there are particular challenges in defining nutritional exposures in infancy, including marked social gradients in initiation and duration of breastfeeding. In recent studies of low and middle-income populations of children and young adults, where the influences on infant feeding practice differ, beneficial effects of breastfeeding on blood pressure, BMI and risk of diabetes have not been confirmed, and further information is needed. Little is currently known about the long-term consequences of differences in the timing and nature of the weaning diet. Future progress will depend on new studies that provide detailed prospective data on duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding together with appropriate characterisation of the weaning diet.

Click here for full text of article.

27 posted on 03/16/2014 1:09:59 PM PDT by Pharmboy (Democrats lie because they must.)
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To: Pharmboy

Interesting in light of low rates of breastfeeding among black mothers.

I had a chat with the local la leche nazi when I had my youngest. She had had ONE, precisely ONE black mother who delivered at the busiest L&D unit in the nearest ‘big city’ who breastfed her baby over the past month. The rest bottlefed.

I hypothesize several reasons. Firstly, it’s not ‘convenient’ to breast feed the baby. That means you can only leave it with someone (like a mother, sister, cousin, boyfriend, whoever) for 2, mmmmmaybe 3 hrs max before you have to return. Or pump enough for the duration, also time consuming and inconvenient. Secondly, you return to fertility much sooner if you formula feed.

Just sayin’.


28 posted on 03/16/2014 1:13:26 PM PDT by Black Agnes
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To: Black Agnes
The base of the food pyramid/whole grain stuff started earlier, but the REAL push for more carbs/less fat started in earnest in the late '70s. I do not think it had anything to do with pharma (they're not that smart). I think it had to do with the food/nutritional/industrial complex. We are a wheat-based country.

It not only has to do with food choice, but what manufacturers did: they lowered the fat ( "low-fat" salad dressing, mayo, cookies, etc.) and then raised the carbs (since much of it became unpalatable).

29 posted on 03/16/2014 1:14:54 PM PDT by Pharmboy (Democrats lie because they must.)
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To: Pharmboy

Oh, pharma wasn’t in on the beginnings of it. ADM practically wrote the food pyramid.

Pharma hasn’t exactly been complaining about the results to their bottom line however.

If most people low carbed the need for statins would be close to zero. ditto bp meds, and likely most ‘psych’ meds for all but the complete wackos (not counting schizo/etc in this one, talking about the ‘depressed’ people).

Not to mention all the cardiovascular clinics that have sprung up.

And I suspect the cancer rates are related to this as well. Cancers (and bugs) love sugar.


30 posted on 03/16/2014 1:18:18 PM PDT by Black Agnes
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To: Black Agnes
You are right--one of the reasons cited by low SES moms is 'inconveience.' Here is a cut and paste:

"According to the latest numbers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, breastfeeding rates improved nationwide in 2000-2008, and some of the greatest improvement was among black women. However, only about 59 percent of black mothers breastfed in 2008, compared to 80 percent of Hispanic mothers and about 75 percent of white mothers. For 2008 rates of breastfeeding at a baby’s first birthday, the number was about 23 percent overall but only 12.5 percent for black mothers. That low rate still marks a near doubling of rates among black mothers compared to the year 2000."

The above was from here.

31 posted on 03/16/2014 1:22:45 PM PDT by Pharmboy (Democrats lie because they must.)
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To: Black Agnes

Yes...no argument on what you said here.


32 posted on 03/16/2014 1:24:16 PM PDT by Pharmboy (Democrats lie because they must.)
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To: Black Agnes; Pharmboy

Thanks for the links and information.


33 posted on 03/20/2014 9:07:13 AM PDT by khelus
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