For those of us who are not of Jewish descent, which of "The 10" can we ignore?
Good question. In essence, none, rather your obligations of acknowledging the One G-d, honoring your parents, and against coveting etc, are folded into the practical application of the 7 laws of the “Children of Noah.”
www.noahide.org. Hey, for Christians, the least you could do is check out something that is directly from scripture....
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Laws_of_Noah
Well, as a practical matter:
1. Thou shalt have no other gods before me.
Freedom of religion; no civil penalty for worshiping other gods.
2. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth.
Again, freedom of religion. No civil penalty.
3. Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.
Freedom of speech. No civil penalty.
4. Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.
Freedom of religion. No civil penalty (besides...football).
5. Honor thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.
Great advice, but dishonoring you parents is perfectly legal.
6. Thou shalt not murder.
Finally, one that's illegal!
7. Thou shalt not commit adultery.
While there might be a few laws still on the books outlawing adultery, in practical terms it's legal everywhere.
8. Thou shalt not steal.
Illegal, government confiscation of income aside.
9. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.
In the context of sworn testimony in court, illegal.
10. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour’s.
No laws against coveting, well...anything, as far as I know.
Final score: 3 out of the 10 Commandments are illegal.