http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_45_torpedo
Why couldn't you get out of range? The Mark 45 torpedo had a range of 5 to 8 miles and a yield of 11 kilotons. At that range, it's certainly not going to take out the sub that launched it.
Subroc was a 30 mile range US weapon, depending on the source either 5 KT or 200 KT.
Soviets had nukes on all of their SSMs, and if there are not nukes on the Moskva it is not because those weapons don’t still exist in reserve. The Russians aren’t suppose to deploy with them though as per the 1991 agreement at the end of the Cold War.
Carriers are also not expected to survive a conflict with Russia/USSR if tactical nuclear weapons are used. Tactical nuclear war at sea was not something that was to favor the use of carriers toward the end of the Cold War, but to deter their use.
The TU-22M Backfire bomber and the AS6 was the real “carrier killer”, making the survival of aircraft carriers problematic in even strictly conventional warfare scenarios with a saturation attack.
You have to admit though, the Moskva is a beautiful ship. Russians made attractive warships, especially their cruisers.