But what about all the cheap ethanol the South Americans are eager to export to us?
Did you read #11 from alloysteel? “Further, a rather stiff tariff is imposed on the ethanol that Brazil would be all too happy to export, and which they can produce for considerably less per unit than can the US sources. “
It doesn't qualify. By law our ethanol has to be made from corn (Thanks for nothing Congress!). Even though other more efficient, less expensive sources are available.
This might be of interest: http://ethanolproducer.com/articles/8563/billion-gallons-u-s-ethanol-exported-brazil-top-destination