Until the latter half of the 19th century, almost all of central and northern Arizona remained sparsely settled.
At the time of Arizonas acquisition by the United States in 1848, fewer than 1,000 people of Hispanic origin lived in Arizona.
Actually, Arizona didn’t even exist in 1848, but that’s beside the point, because as noted most of New Mexico’s population lived in the Rio Grande Valley and in California along the coast. Arizona was mainly Navajos, Pimas, Apaches, Yaqui etc.