No, it's not a false argument. That's exactly what Issac Newton concluded about the universe based on his Judeo-Christian belief as taught by the Bible that God is a god of order, not of disorder.
It's interesting that the Enlightenment followed on the heels of the Protestant Reformation and that science has fared best in those countries which were by and large Protestant Christian in nature and continues to do so even today. Atheistic environments are no friends to intellectualism or science. A brief overview of 20th century history bears that out.
There's absolutely no reason to believe that science would not continue to do as well under a Christian world view today as it did then. Religious belief does not stifle intellectual pursuit or capabilities. Atheism is not inherently more conducive to intellectual pursuit than religious belief. It is not inherently more rational or logical.
Interesting that you totally neglect any mention of the Catholic “reformation” ...
The great flood is an example of order? I think not.