Theology and science do not need to force the dichotomy you are inclined to deduce. You are wrong in asserting that ancient theologians were disinclined to practice medicine or study God’s creation. They were not half as superstitious as certain johnny-come-lately Darwinian philosophers.
Science works best when it assumes an underlying order, and is not at all harmed by assuming the underlying designer behind that order is a Higher Being. The advances in medicine you cite are a case in point, where the underlying philosphy is that God created all things and established rules, and that it is the business of science to discover what those rule are.
Is there a scientific reason to assume otherwise? If so, please provide it.
There was peace between science and religion until James Hutton and Lyell. OK, there were skirmishes that necessitated burning Bruno and imprisoning Galileo, but in general there was peace between religion and science as long as religion accepted the rules as found.