Posted on 07/02/2007 2:45:21 PM PDT by ConservativeMan55
Edited on 07/02/2007 3:05:31 PM PDT by Admin Moderator. [history]
Foxnews alert.. libby sentence commuted
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STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENT
The United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit today rejected Lewis Libby’s request to remain free on bail while pursuing his appeals for the serious convictions of perjury and obstruction of justice. As a result, Mr. Libby will be required to turn himself over to the Bureau of Prisons to begin serving his prison sentence.
I have said throughout this process that it would not be appropriate to comment or intervene in this case until Mr. Libby’s appeals have been exhausted. But with the denial of bail being upheld and incarceration imminent, I believe it is now important to react to that decision.
From the very beginning of the investigation into the leaking of Valerie Plame’s name, I made it clear to the White House staff and anyone serving in my administration that I expected full cooperation with the Justice Department. Dozens of White House staff and administration officials dutifully cooperated.
After the investigation was under way, the Justice Department appointed United States Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois Patrick Fitzgerald as a Special Counsel in charge of the case. Mr. Fitzgerald is a highly qualified, professional prosecutor who carried out his responsibilities as charged.
This case has generated significant commentary and debate. Critics of the investigation have argued that a special counsel should not have been appointed, nor should the investigation have been pursued after the Justice Department learned who leaked Ms. Plame’s name to columnist Robert Novak. Furthermore, the critics point out that neither Mr. Libby nor anyone else has been charged with violating the Intelligence Identities Protection Act or the Espionage Act, which were the original subjects of the investigation. Finally, critics say the punishment does not fit the crime: Mr. Libby was a first-time offender with years of exceptional public service and was handed a harsh sentence based in part on allegations never presented to the jury.
Others point out that a jury of citizens weighed all the evidence and listened to all the testimony and found Mr. Libby guilty of perjury and obstructing justice. They argue, correctly, that our entire system of justice relies on people telling the truth. And if a person does not tell the truth, particularly if he serves in government and holds the public trust, he must be held accountable. They say that had Mr. Libby only told the truth, he would have never been indicted in the first place.
Both critics and defenders of this investigation have made important points. I have made my own evaluation. In preparing for the decision I am announcing today, I have carefully weighed these arguments and the circumstances surrounding this case.
Mr. Libby was sentenced to thirty months of prison, two years of probation, and a $250,000 fine. In making the sentencing decision, the district court rejected the advice of the probation office, which recommended a lesser sentence and the consideration of factors that could have led to a sentence of home confinement or probation.
I respect the jury’s verdict. But I have concluded that the prison sentence given to Mr. Libby is excessive. Therefore, I am commuting the portion of Mr. Libby’s sentence that required him to spend thirty months in prison.
My decision to commute his prison sentence leaves in place a harsh punishment for Mr. Libby. The reputation he gained through his years of public service and professional work in the legal community is forever damaged. His wife and young children have also suffered immensely. He will remain on probation. The significant fines imposed by the judge will remain in effect. The consequences of his felony conviction on his former life as a lawyer, public servant, and private citizen will be long-lasting.
The Constitution gives the President the power of clemency to be used when he deems it to be warranted. It is my judgment that a commutation of the prison term in Mr. Libby’s case is an appropriate exercise of this power.
In March 1995, U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno secured the appointment of an Independent Counsel, David Barrett to investigate allegations that Cisneros had lied to FBI investigators during background checks prior to being named Secretary of HUD. He had been asked about payments that he had made to former mistress Linda Medlar, also known as Linda Jones. The affair had been ‘public knowledge’ for a number of years - during the 1992 presidential campaign, U.S. Treasurer Catalina Vasquez Villalpando publicly referred to Cisneros and candidate Clinton as “two skirt-chasers” - but Cisneros lied about the amount of money he had paid to Medlar. The investigation continued for three and a half years.
In December, 1997, Cisneros was indicted on 18 counts of conspiracy, giving false statements and obstruction of Justice. Medlar used some of the Cisneros hush money to purchase a house and entered into a bank fraud scheme with her sister and brother-in-law to conceal the source of the money. In January, 1998, Medlar pleaded guilty to 28 charges of bank fraud, conspiracy to commit bank fraud and obstruction of justice.
In September, 1999, Cisneros negotiated a plea agreement, under which he pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor count of lying to the FBI, and was fined $10,000. He did not receive jail-time or probation. He was pardoned by President Bill Clinton in January 2001 ( See: List of people pardoned by Bill Clinton). The independent counsel investigation continued after the pardon focusing on alleged obstruction of justice. In May 2005, Senator Dorgan (D-ND) proposed ending funding for the investigation; negotiators refused to include the provision in a bill funding military operations in Afghanistan. The funding at that point for the investigation totaled $21 million.
According to a New York Daily News report on October 3, 2005, “lawyers are fighting to suppress a potentially embarrassing final report from the probe that found Housing Secretary Henry Cisneros lied to the FBI about paying $250,000 in hush money to his ex-mistress. ... Lawyers at the Washington firm Williams and Connolly who work for Cisneros and both Clintons have argued to judges overseeing the case that allegations of illegal activity, for which no charges were filed, should be snipped before the report is made public.” [2].
Sure. Here is an article from the Wash Post which discusses Armitage’s disclosure:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/07/AR2006090701781.html
“Former Deputy Secretary of State Richard L. Armitage said yesterday that he believes he was the initial source for a 2003 newspaper column by Robert D. Novak that disclosed the CIA’s previously secret employment of Valerie Plame, the wife of a prominent critic of the U.S. war in Iraq.”
And to close the loop with what Armitage said, here is an article written by Novak himself which confirms it:
http://www.weeklystandard.com/Utilities/printer_preview.asp?idArticle=12785&R=EE501DF13
“Thanks to Corn’s intrepid coauthor, Newsweek investigative reporter Michael Isikoff, Hubris definitively revealed then-Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage as my source that Joseph Wilson’s wife, Valerie, worked for the CIA and suggested her husband’s mission to Africa.”
Perhaps we should expect another Rush comment from Senator Lott then on the Senate floor. Hopefully the esteemed senator from my home state of Mississippi is still busy digging his foot out of his mouth to comment. Sorry that's a bit off topic here but I'm still upset at him...LOL
Pardons granted by President Clinton (1993-2001):
November 23, 1994
NAME
DISTRICT
SENTENCED
OFFENSE
David Phillip Aronsohn
D. Minn.
1961
Failure to pay special occupational tax on wagering, 26 U.S.C. § 7203
Wanda Kaye Bain-Prentice
D. Ariz.
1982
Mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 1341
Antonio Barucco
U. S. Army general court-martial
1945
Desertion in violation of the 58th Article of War
Kristine Margo Beck
D. Idaho
1981
Bank embezzlement, 18 U.S.C. § 656
David Christopher Billmaier
D. New Mex.
1980
Possession with intent to distribute amphetamines, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)
Terry Lee Brown
E. D. Ky.
1962
Interstate transportation of a stolen motor vehicle, 18 U.S.C. § 2312
Joe Carl Bruton
N. D. Tex.
1979
Conspiracy to commit mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Nolan Lynn DeMarce
W. D. Wis.
1983
Making false statements to obtain bank loans, 18 U.S.C. § 1014
Jimmy C. Dick
N. D. Calif.
1976
Conspiracy to manufacture counterfeit Federal Reserve Notes, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Edward Eugene Dishman
W. D. Okla.
1983
Conspiracy to defraud the United States and Oklahoma counties, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Brenda Kay Engle
S. D. Ind.
1983
Conspiracy to commit theft from interstate shipment, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Mary Theresa Fajer
D. Oregon
1980
Conspiracy to commit bank embezzlement, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2 and 371
Albert James Forte
D. Dist. Col.
1973
Making and subscribing false and fraudulent income tax return, 26 U.S.C. § 7206(1)
Fendley Lee Frazier
S. D. Ala.
1965
Interstate transportation of a stolen motor vehicle, 18 U.S.C. § 2312
Robert Linward Freeland, Jr.
N. D. Ind.
1983
Forcible rescue of seized property, 26 U.S.C. § 7212(b)
Ralph Leon Furst
S. D. Calif.
1966
Embezzlement of United States mail (U.S. Code section not cited)
Barbara Ann Gericke
W. D. Wis.
1984
Conspiracy to introduce contraband into federal prison, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371 and 1791
Billy Joe Gilmore
N. D. Tex.
1982
Mail fraud and aiding and abetting, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341 and 2
Loreto Joseph Iafrate
N. D. W. Va.
1976
Failure to record receipt of firearms, 18 U.S.C. §§ 922(m) and 924(a)
Carl Bruce Jones
W. D. Mo.
1983
Distribution of marijuana and use of telephone to facilitate marijuana distribution, 18 U.S.C. § 2 and 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and 843(b)
Candace Deon Leverenz
N. D. Calif.
1972
Unlawful distribution of LSD, 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and (b)(1)(B)
George William Lindgren
S. D. N. Y.
1975
Bank embezzlement, 18 U.S.C. § 656
Brian George Meierkord
C. D. Ill.
1983
Making false statement to bank, 18 U.S.C. § 1014
Jackie Lee Miller
N. D. Okla.
1983
Conspiracy to defraud the United States, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Joseph Patrick Naulty
E. D. Pa.
1980
Carrying away goods moving as part of foreign shipment, 18 U.S.C. § 659
Theodore Roosevelt Noel
N. D. Ala.
1972
Selling whiskey in unstamped containers and making false statement in the acquisition of firearms from licensed dealer, 26 U.S.C. § 5604(a)(1) and 18 U.S.C. §§ 922(a)(6) and 924(a)
Mary Louise Oaks
M. D. La.
1979
Conspiracy to defraud the government with respect to claims, 18 U.S.C. § 286
Robert Paul Padelsky
D. Utah
1980
Misapplication of bank funds, 18 U.S.C. § 656
Elizabeth Amy Peterson
D. Nev.
1985
Conspiracy to make false statements to bank, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Susan Lauranne Prather
W. D. Ark.
1975
Causing marijuana to be transported through the mail, 21 U.S.C. § 843(b)
Gary Lynn Quammen
W. D. Wis.
1976
Misapplication of bank funds, 18 U.S.C. § 656
Robert Ronal Raymond
D. Conn.
1972
Conspiracy to manufacture, receive, possess, and sell firearms silencers, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Elizabeth Hogg Rushing
N. D. Ga.
1978
Misapplication of bank funds, 18 U.S.C. § 656
Marc Alan Schaffer
S. D. N. Y.
1968
Submission of false statements to Selective Service System Local Board, 50 U.S.C. Appendix § 462(a)
Roy Aaron Smith
E. D. Tex.
1982
Misprision of a felony, 18 U.S.C. § 4
Diane Dorothea Smunk
D. So. Dak.
1984
Embezzlement by government employee, 18 U.S.C. § 641
Thomas Peter Stathakis
D. So. Car.
1976
Selling and delivering firearms to out-of-state resident and falsifying firearms records, 18 U.S.C. §§ 922(b)(3), 922(m), and 924(a)
Kathleen Vacanti
C. D. Calif.
1979
Conspiracy to defraud the United States by obtaining payment of false claims, presenting false claims to the United States, forging a writing, and aiding and abetting, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2, 286, 287, and 495
Pupi White
W. D. Mo.
1985
Making false statement on United States passport application, 18 U.S.C. § 911
Charles Coleman Wicker
E. D. Mo.
1975
Conspiracy to conduct illegal gambling business, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Roderick Douglas Woods
S. D. Miss.
1982
Misappropriation of bank funds and aiding and abetting, 18 U.S.C. §§ 656 and 2
April 17, 1995
NAME
DISTRICT
SENTENCED
OFFENSE
Bradley Vaughn Barisic
N. D. Calif.
1980
Making false statement to National Labor Relations Board, 18 U.S.C. § 1001
Herschel L. Brantley
U. S. Air Force general court-martial
1951
Larceny in violation of 93rd Article of War
Linda Bailey Byars
D. So. Car.
1975
Bank embezzlement, 18 U.S.C. § 656
Patricia Ann Chapin
W. D. Mo.
1986
Falsifying prescription for controlled substance, 21 U.S.C. § 843(a)(4)(A) and 18 U.S.C. § 2
Ronald Jacobs
E. D. Pa.
1967
Theft from interstate shipment, 18 U.S.C. § 659
Margaret Mary Marks
N. D. Ohio
1984
Willful misapplication of bank funds, 18 U.S.C. § 657
John Richard Martin
S. D. Calif.
1956
Embezzlement of funds from savings and loan association, 18 U.S.C. § 657
Earl Thomas McKinney
1. U. S. Air Force summary court-martial
1. 1951
1.
Absent without leave
2. U. S. Air Force general court-martial
2. 1959
2.
Larceny by check, writing check with insufficient funds, and false claims, in violation of U.C.M.J. Articles 121, 132, and 134
Shirley Jean Odoms
S. D. Tex.
1978
Filing false claim for tax refund, 18 U.S.C. § 287
Jack Pakis
W. D. Ark.
1972
Operation of illegal gambling business, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2 and 1955
Gordon Roberts, Jr.
M. D. La.
1977
Interstate transportation of forged and falsely made securities, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2 and 2314
Carl Edward Terhune, Jr.
N. D. Okla.
1985
Issuing United States Postal Service money orders while postal employee with intent to defraud Postal Service, 18 U.S.C. § 500
December 23, 1997
NAME
DISTRICT
SENTENCED
OFFENSE
Irving Frank Avery
D. Colo.
1984
Possession of counterfeit plates, 18 U.S.C. §§ 474 and 2
Billy K. Berry
E. D. Ark.
1986
Medicaid and mail fraud, 42 U.S.C. § 1396h(a)(1)(i) and 18 U.S.C. § 1341
Clio Louise Carson
D. Wyo.
1979
Transmission of wagering information, 18 U.S.C. § 1084
Giuseppe Casadei-Severei
D. Puerto Rico
1987
Obstruction of justice, 18 U.S.C. § 1503
Glen Edison Chapman
1. W. D. No.Car.
1. 1955
1.
Removing, possessing, and concealing non-tax-paid whiskey, 26 U.S.C. §§ 5632 and 7206
2. W. D. No. Car.
2. 1957
2.
Removing, possessing, and concealing non-tax-paid whiskey, 26 U.S.C. §§ 5632 and 5008(b)(1)
Ralph Wallace Crawford
C. D. Calif.
1985
Mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 1341
Aaron Golden
W. D. Tex.
1986
Failure to file a currency transaction report, 31 U.S.C. §§ 5313 and 5322(a)
Monroe Lee King
S. D. Tex.
1973
Making plates for counterfeiting Federal Reserve Notes, 18 U.S.C. § 474
Ralph Lee Limbaugh
N. D. Ala.
1974
Theft from interstate shipment, 18 U.S.C. § 659
George Edward Maynes, Jr.
D. Canal Zone
1975
Distribution of cocaine, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)
Charley Morgan
N.D. Okla.
1964
Unlawful possession of still and manufacture of mash, 26 U.S.C. §§ 5179(a), 5601(a)(1), and 5601(a)(7)
Linzie Murle Morse
W. D. La.
1973
Interstate transportation of stolen motor vehicle and selling stolen motor vehicle, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2312 and 2313
Charles Patrick Murrin
C. D. Calif.
1988
Bank robbery, 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a)
Moises Jaurequi Ramos
D. New Mexico
1983
Misprision of a felony, 18 U.S.C. § 4
William Ray Richardson
W. D. Mo.
1983
Interstate transportation of stolen property, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2 and 2314
Raymond Phillip Weaver
U. S. Navy summary court-martial
1947
Theft of four pounds of butter
Bill Wayne West
E. D. Miss.
1984
Dealing in firearms without license, 18 U.S.C. §§ 922(a)(1) and 924(a)
Anita Glenn Whitlock
D. Dist. Col.
1978
Bank embezzlement, 18 U.S.C. § 656
Edward Kenneth Williams, Jr.
S. D. Iowa
1979
Receiving and selling stolen motor vehicles and aiding and abetting the same, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2 and 2313
Larry Edward Winfield
W. D. Ark.
1987
Mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 1341
Louis Anthony Winters
1. U.S. Navy general
court-martial
1. 1957
1. Unauthorized absence from duty
2.D. So. Dak.
2. 1969
2. Assault with dangerous weapon, 18 U.S.C. § 1153
December 24, 1998
NAME
DISTRICT
SENTENCED
OFFENSE
Haig Ardash Arakelian
(aka Haig Arthur Arakelian)
S. D. Calif.
1975
Possession of marijuana, 21 U.S.C. § 844
Estel Edmond Ashworth
N. D. Tex.
1974
Theft of mail by Postal employee, 18 U.S.C. § 1709
Vincent Anthony Burgio
C. D. Calif.
1972
Possession of counterfeit government obligations, 18 U.S.C. § 472
Thomas Earl Burton
E. D. Va.
1982
Attempted possession with intent to distribute cocaine, 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and 846
Jesse Cuevas
D. Neb.
1984
Unauthorized possession of food stamps, 7 U.S.C. § 2024(b)
Harry Erla Fox
U.S. Army summary and special courts- martial
1961
Absence without leave, Article 86, U.C.M.J.
James William Gardner
D. Wyo.
1983
Conspiracy to distribute cocaine, 21 U.S.C. §§ 846 and 841(a)(1)
Alejandro Cruz Guedea
U.S. Army general court-martial
1949
Larceny of government property
Sebraien Michael Haygood
E. D. N. Y.
1982
Importation of cocaine, 21 U.S.C. §§ 952(a) and 960(a)(1)
Warren Curtis Hultgren, Jr.
W. D. Tex.
1982
Conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute cocaine, 21 U.S.C. §§ 846 and 841(a)(1)
Sharon Sue Johnson
E. D. Ark.
1986
Bank embezzlement, 18 U.S.C. § 656
Ronald Ray Kelly
U.S. Marine Corps special court-martial
1969
Unauthorized absences, escape from lawful custody, and breaking restriction
Francis Dale Knippling
D. So. Dak.
1985
Conversion of mortgaged property, 18 U.S.C. § 658
Michael Ray Krukar
D. Alaska
1988
Unlawful distribution of marijuana, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)
Michael Francis Larkin
D. Mass.
1984
False statements to HUD, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2 and 1001
Leslie Jan McCall
W. D. Okla.
1988
Use of telephone to facilitate cocaine distribution, 21 U.S.C. § 843(b)
Bobby Joe Miller
E. D. Tex.
1982
Misprision of a felony, 18 U.S.C. § 4
William Edward Payne
D. Ore.
1965
Willful attempt to evade excise tax on wagers, 26 U.S.C. § 7201
Robert Earl Radke
C. D. Calif.
1981
Willful attempt to evade income taxes, 26 U.S.C. § 7201
David Walter Ratliff
N. D. Okla.
1981
Making false statement to the government, 18 U.S.C. § 1001
Billy Wayne Reynolds
E. D. Tex.
1981
Mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 1341
Benito Maldonado Sanchez, Jr.
W. D. Tex.
1960
Possession of marijuana without payment of transfer tax, 26 U.S.C. § 4744(1)
Vicki Lynn Seals
(fka Vicki Lynn Miller)
W. D. Tex.
1984
Making a false statement to a federally insured bank while an employee of that bank, 18 U.S.C.§ 1005
Lewis Craig Seymour
W. D. Okla.
1979
Distribution of Phencyclidine (PCP), 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)
Irving A. Smith
D. Md.
1957
Conspiracy to engage in price-fixing, 15 U.S.C. §§ 1 and 2 (Sherman Act)
Darrin Paul Sobin
E. D. Calif.
1987
Conspiracy to manufacture marijuana, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)
Monty Mac Stewart
W. D. Okla.
1983
Conspiracy to defraud U.S. and counties within Oklahoma, mail fraud, and aiding and abetting filing a false income tax return, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2, 371, and 1341, and 26 U.S.C. § 7206(1)
Kevin Lester Teker
W. D. Wash.
1989
Maliciously damaging property used in an activity affecting interstate commerce by means of an explosive, 18 U.S.C. § 844(i)
John Timothy Thompson
W. D. Okla.
1986
Use of the telephone to facilitate cocaine distribution, 21 U.S.C. § 843(b)
Paul Loy Tobin
S. D. Ala.
1968
Interstate transportation of stolen motor vehicle, 18 U.S.C. § 2312
Gerald William Wachter
E. D. Pa.
1974
Conspiracy to cause stolen goods to be transported in interstate commerce, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Marian Lane Wolf
N. D. Tex.
1988
Misprision of a felony, 18 U.S.C. § 4
Samuel Harrell Woodard
1. U.S. Air Force summary court-martial
1. 1952
1. Absent without leave
2. S. D. Ga.
2. 1955
2. Theft from an interstate shipment, 18 U.S.C. § 659
February 19, 1999
NAME
DISTRICT
SENTENCED
OFFENSE
Henry Ossian Flipper
U.S. Army general court-martial
1891
Conduct unbecoming an officer
December 23, 1999
NAME
DISTRICT
SENTENCED
OFFENSE
Meredith Marcus Appleton, II
W. D. Okla.
1990
Conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute cocaine and to distribute cocaine, 21 U.S.C. § 846
Steven Laurence Barnett
E. D. Calif.
1987
Misapplication of bank funds and aiding and abetting the same, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2 and 657
Russell Carl Clifton
N. D. Calif.
1977
Transmission of a false distress signal, 47 U.S.C. § 325 (misdemeanor)
Albert McMullen Cox
S. D. Ga.
1987
Bribery of a public official, 18 U.S.C. § 201(b)
Bernard Earl Crandall
C. D. Ill.
1985
Theft from interstate shipment, 18 U.S.C. § 659
Eugene Harold Del Carlo
N. D. Calif.
1979
Conspiracy and blackmail, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371 and 873 (misdemeanors)
Kenneth Lee Deusterman
D. Minn.
1991
False statement to HUD, 18 U.S.C. § 1012 (misdemeanor)
Frank Allen Els
E. D. Wash.
1976
Possession of an unregistered firearm, 26 U.S.C. § 5861(d)
Arthur Neil Evans
N. D. Calif.
1954
Protecting and assisting a deserter from the U.S. Army, 18 U.S.C. § 1381
Elizabeth Marie Frederick (fka Elizabeth Sigmon)
D. So. Dak.
1987
Distribution and possession with intent to distribute cocaine, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)
Jackie Lynn Gano
N. D. Iowa
1976
Receiving money or benefits through transactions of federal credit institution with intent to defraud while officer or employee of institution, 18 U.S.C. § 1006
Daniel Clifton Gilmour, Jr.
D. So. Car.
1985
Importation of marijuana, 21 U.S.C. §§ 952(a), 960, 963, and 18 U.S.C. § 2
Michael Lee Gilmour
D. So. Car.
1985
Importation of marijuana, 21 U.S.C. §§ 952(a), 960, 963, and 18 U.S.C. § 2
Theodore Avram Goodman
S. D. Calif.
1981
Unauthorized sale of government property, 18 U.S.C. § 641
Michael Charles Jorgensen
D. N. Mex.
1981
Misprision of a felony, 18 U.S.C. § 4
Leonard Charles Kampf
E. D. Va.
1990
Conveyance of government property without authority, 18 U.S.C. § 641
Kenneth Marshall Knull
Navy general court-martial
1976
Disobeying a lawful general order, negligently suffering destruction of military property, negligently hazarding two Naval vessels, Articles 92, 108, and 110, UCMJ
Reza Arabian Maleki
D. No. Dak.
1984
Conspiracy to make false statements to INS; false statements to INS, and aiding and abetting the same, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2, 371, and 1001
William Ronald McGuire
E. D. N. Y.
1978
Income tax evasion, 26 U.S.C. § 7201
Freddie Meeks
Navy general court-martial
1944
Making a mutiny during wartime
Steven Dwayne Miller
E. D. Tex.
1985
Possession of counterfeit Federal Reserve notes with intent to sell or otherwise use same, 18 U.S.C. § 474
Jodie David Moreland
W. D. La.
1987
Conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute marijuana, 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), 841(b)(6), and 846
Lloyd Robert Odell
E. D. Wash.
1983
Theft of government property, 18 U.S.C. § 641
John Richard Palubicki
E. D. Wis.
1988
Conspiracy to defraud the IRS; income tax evasion, 18 U.S.C. § 371 and 26 U.S.C. § 7201
Patricia Ann Palubicki
E. D. Wis.
1988
Conspiracy to defraud the IRS; income tax evasion, 18 U.S.C. § 371 and 26 U.S.C. § 7201
Mark Edwin Pixley
D. Oregon
1991
Aiding in the manufacture, by cultivation, of marijuana, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) and 18 U.S.C. § 2
Theodore Alfred Rhone
D. Dist. Col.
1987
Wire fraud and aiding and abetting same, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2 and 1343
Warren David Samet
S. D. Fla.
1968
Transporting, concealing, and facilitating the transportation of marijuana that was acquired without paying the tax imposed, 26 U.S.C. § 4744(a)(2)
Steven Elliott Skorman
N. D. Ga.
1972
Distributing lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)
Ronald Marsh Smith
Army general court-martial
1977
Stealing mail matter, Article 134, UCMJ
Richard Beauchamp Steele
S. D. Tex.
1989
Conspiracy to eliminate competition by fixing prices in interstate commerce, 15 U.S.C. § 1
Christine Ann Summerbell (fka Christine Ann McKeown)
W. D. Wis.
1984
Theft of mail by postal employee, 18 U.S.C. § 1709
Robert A. Suvino
W. D. Ark.
1988
Conspiracy to commit mail fraud and mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371 and 1341
Daniel Larry Thomas, Jr.
N. D. Ohio
1987
Illegal use of a communication facility to distribute cocaine, 21 U.S.C. § 843
Howard Edwin Walraven
W. D. Ark.
1968
Theft from an interstate shipment, 18 U.S.C. § 659
Martin Harry Wesenberg
E. D. Wis.
1964
Willfully failing to pay the special occupational tax on wagering, and aiding and abetting the same, 26 U.S.C. § 7203 and 18 U.S.C. § 2 (misdemeanor)
Virgil Edwin West
N. D. Okla.
1982
Mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2 and 1341
February 19, 2000
NAME
DISTRICT
SENTENCED
OFFENSE
Preston Theodore King
1. M.D. Ga.
1. 1961
1.
Failure to appear for physical examination; failure to appear for induction into the Armed Forces, 50 U.S.C. App. § 46
2. M.D. Ga.
2. 1962 (indicted)
2.
Bail jumping, 18 U.S.C. § 3146
March 15, 2000
NAME
DISTRICT
SENTENCED
OFFENSE
Gregory Leon Crosby
D. Maine
1987
Theft by postal employee, 18 U.S.C. § 1709
Everett Gale Dague
N. D. Iowa
1982
Conspiracy to obstruct commerce by extortion, extortion, demanding or receiving illegal payments on behalf of a labor union, and demanding or accepting illegal unloading fees from a motor vehicle driver, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2 and 1951, 29 U.S.C. §§186(b)(1) and (2)
Terry Stephen Duller
W. D. Wis.
1990
Engaging in illegal gambling business, 18 U.S.C. § 1955; failure to pay excise tax, 26 U.S.C. § 7262
Richard George Frye
D. Maine
1973
Knowingly shipping and transporting a firearm in interstate commerce, having been convicted of a felony, 18 U.S.C. §§ 922(g) and 924
Edgar Allen Gregory, Jr.
S. D. Ala.
1986
Conspiracy to willfully misapply bank funds, make false statements to a bank, and commit wire fraud; misapplication of bank funds by person connected with a bank, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371, 656, and 2
Vonna Jo Gregory
S. D. Ala.
1986
Conspiracy to willfully misapply bank funds, make false statements to a bank, and commit wire fraud; misapplication of bank funds by person connected with a bank, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371, 656, and 2
Carl David Hamilton
E. D. Ark.
1986
Bank fraud, and conspiracy to commit wire and bank fraud, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1343 and 371
Charles Edward Kirschner
D. Alaska
1993
Theft of bank property, 18 U.S.C. § 2113(b)
Charles Douglas Megla
W. D. Ky.
1980
Mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341 and 2
Owen Neil Nordine
D. Ariz.
1963
Interstate transportation of a stolen motor vehicle, 18 U.S.C. § 2312
William Thomas Rohring
D. Minn.
1986
Forgery of U.S. Treasury check, 18 U.S.C. § 510
Lawrence David Share
S. D. Calif.
1975
Conspiracy to commit securities fraud, sale of unregistered securities, and the use of manipulative devices in connection with the sale of securities, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371 and 2, and 15 U.S.C. §§ 77e(a), 77q(a), 77x, 78ff, and 78j(b)
Wayne Cletus Steinkamp
N. D. Iowa
1988
Conspiracy in restraint of trade in interstate commerce, 15 U.S.C. § 1
Peter John Thomas
D. Del.
1978
Conspiracy to possess cocaine with intent to distribute, 21 U.S.C. § 846
Heather Elizabeth Wilson
(fka Heather Elizabeth Calvin)
E. D. Okla.
1993
Use of telephone to facilitate commission of drug-trafficking felony, 21 U.S.C. § 843(b)
Donna Marie Yellow Owl
(fka Donna Marie Coursey)
D. Montana
1988
False statements, 18 U.S.C. § 1001
July 7, 2000
NAME
DISTRICT
SENTENCED
OFFENSE
Carl Stanley Gilbreath
N. D. Ga.
1971
Interstate transportation of a stolen motor vehicle, 18 U.S.C. § 2312
Claudette Dean Goodson
(fka Claudette Goodson
Findeisen)
E. D. No. Car.
1986
Aiding and abetting embezzlement of government funds, 18 U.S.C. §§ 641 and 2
Dane Robert Hessling
S. D. Ohio
1987
Conspiracy to distribute and possess with intent to distribute cocaine, 21 U.S.C. § 846, and distribution and possession with intent to distribute cocaine, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)
Elwood Dwight Hopkins
D. New Jersey
1962
1. Theft of government property, 18 U.S.C. § 641
2. Mutilation of coins, 18 U.S.C. § 331
Thomas Vernon Jones
D. Wyo.
1989
Filing a false tax return 26 U.S.C. § 7206(1)
Madison Dow Kimball, Jr.
W. D. Ark.
1983
Bank robbery, 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a)
Cynthia Lou LeBlanc
(fka Cynthia Lou Gallagher)
N. D. Tex.
1978
Conspiracy to distribute and possess methaqualone, 21 U.S.C. § 846
Peter Thomas Lipps
C. D. Calif.
1981
Possession of counterfeit government obligation, 18 U.S.C. § 472
John Carroll Michiaels
N. D. Ind.
1989
Purloining and coverting property of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and aiding and abetting therein, 18 U.S.C. §§ 641 and 2
Richard Edwin Sacchi
M. D. Fla.
1989
Conspiracy to possess cocaine with intent to distribute, 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and 846
Horace Carroll Smith
D. So. Car.
1992
Conspiracy to violate the federal securities laws, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371 and 2
Tammy Lawan Tallant
E. D. Okla.
1991
Misprision of a felony, 18 U.S.C. § 4
Carl Dennis Waren
W. D. Ark.
1980
Interstate transportation of stolen motor vehicles, 18 U.S.C. § 2314
Robert Alexander Warr
D. So. Car.
1982
False statements, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1001 and 2
James H. Wetzel, Jr.
E. D. La.
1981
Conspiracy to distribute cocaine, 18 U.S.C. § 371, and 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)
Diane Mae Zeman
(aka Diane Mae Moseman)
E. D. N. Y.
1981
Use of a telephone to facilitate importation of hashish oil, 21 U.S.C. § 843(b)
October 20, 2000
NAME
DISTRICT
SENTENCED
OFFENSE
William Oshel Casto, III
E. D. Wis.
1984
Embezzlement by a bank employee, 18 U.S.C. § 656
Donald Demerest Hall
D. Del
1974
Misapplication of bank funds by an employee, 18 U.S.C. § 656
Cheryl Ada Elizabeth Little
S. D. Fla.
1978
Conspiracy with intent to distribute a controlled substance, 21 U.S.C. §§ 846 and 841(a)(1)
Joe Clint McMillan
M. D. No. Car.
1992
Conspiracy to violate the Sherman Antitrust Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1
Jeralyn Kay Rust
D. Minn.
1990
Wire fraud, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1343 and 2
Jane Marie Schoffstall
S. D. Calif.
1989
Possession with intent to distribute a controlled substance (methamphetamine), 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)
William Calvin Smith, Jr.
E. D. Pa.
1970
Interstate transportation of a stolen motor vehicle, 18 U.S.C. § 2312
November 21, 2000
NAME
DISTRICT
SENTENCED
OFFENSE
Glen David Curry
S. D. Ala.
1982
Conspiracy to distribute and possess with intent to distribute cocaine, distributing and possessing with intent to distribute cocaine, and using a telephone to facilitate distribution of cocaine, 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), 843(b), and 846
Dave Meyer Hartson, III
E. D. La.
1993
Mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341 and 2
Carl Edward Karstetter
M. D. Pa.
1992
Conversion of government property, 18 U.S.C. § 641
Donald Spencer Lewis
S. D. Tex.
1991
False statements to a government agency, 18 U.S.C. § 1001
Walter Sidney Orlinsky
D. Md.
1982
Extortion under color of official right, 18 U.S.C. § 1951
Howard Charles Petersen
D. Neb.
1971
Embezzlement by a bank employee and making false entries in a bank’s records, 18 U.S.C. §§ 656 and 1005
John Laurence Silvi
D. New Jersey
1992
Conspiracy to make unlawful payments to a union official, 18 U.S.C. § 371, 29 U.S.C. § 186
Laurence John Silvi, II
D. New Jersey
1992
Conspiracy to bribe a union official, 18 U.S.C. § 371, 29 U.S.C. § 186
John Donald Vodde
N. D. Ind.
1989
Possession and distribution of cocaine, and aiding and abetting, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) and 18 U.S.C. § 2
Melinda Kay Stewart Vodde
N. D. Ind.
1989
Distribution of cocaine, and aiding and abetting, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) and 18 U.S.C. § 2
Philip Donald Winn
D. Dist. Col.
1994
Conspiracy to give illegal gratuities, 18 U.S.C. § 371
December 22, 2000
NAME
DISTRICT
SENTENCED
OFFENSE
Jimmy Lee Allen
W. D. Ark.
1990
False statements to agency of United States, 15 U.S.C. § 714m(a)
Virgil Lamoin Baker
E. D. (now S. D.) Ill.
1959
Violation of the Military Training and Service Act, 50 U.S.C. App. § 462
Garran Dee Barker
E. D. Ark
1986
Conspiracy to commit bank and wire fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Nancy M. Baxter
W. D. Va.
1990
Tax evasion and filing a false amended tax return; 26 U.S.C. §§ 7201 and 7206(1)
Charles N. Besser
N. D. Ill
1985
Mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 1341
Harlan Richard Billings
D. Maine
1985
Conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute in excess of 1,000 pounds of marijuana, 21 U.S.C. § 846
Edward Raymond Birdseye
E. D. Calif.
1992
Unlawful use of a communication facility, 21 U.S.C. § 843(b)
Roscoe Crosby Blunt, Jr.
Army court-martial
1945
Fraternization, Article of War 96
Charles Edward Boggs
E. D. Ark.
1977
Receiving a stolen motor vehicle which was part of interstate commerce, 18 U.S.C. § 2313
Terry Coy Bonner
N. D. W. Va.
1986
Possession of an illegally made destructive device, 26 U.S.C. § 5861(c)
Alfred Whitney Brown, III
E. D. La.
1992
Illegal sale of wildlife by allowing hunting over a baited field, 16 U.S.C. §§ 3372(a)(1), 3372(c)(1)(A), and 3373(d)(1)(B), and 18 U.S.C. § 2
William Robert Carpenter
N. D. Calif.
1991
Possession of marijuana with intent to distribute, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)
Philip Vito DiGirolamo
N. D. Calif.
1984
Conspiracy to import marijuana, 21 U.S.C. § 963; willfully subscribing to a false tax return, 26 U.S.C. § 7206(1)
Peter Welling Dionis
N. D. N. Y.
1976
Conspiracy, importation, and possession with intent to distribute hashish, 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), 952(a), and 963, and 18 U.S.C. § 2
Darrin Dean Dorn
S. D. Iowa
1981
Conspiracy to damage property by means and use of an explosive, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Peter Bailey Gimbel
S. D. N. Y.
1991
Conspiracy to distribute cocaine, 21 U.S.C. § 846
Philip Joseph Grandmaison
D. New Hamp.
1996
Mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341 and 1346
Joe Robert Grist
W. D. Tex.
1990
Misapplication of funds by a bank employee, 18 U.S.C. § 656
LeRoy Kenneth Hartung, Jr.
D. Nev.
1986
Interception of wire communications, 18 U.S.C. § 2511(1)(a)
Joseph Riddick Hendrick, III
W. D. No. Car.
1997
Mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 1341
Judd Blair Hirschberg
N. D. Ill.
1991
Mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 1341
Robert Quinn Houston
S. D. Miss.
1986
Conspiracy to obstruct commerce by extortion, 18 U.S.C. § 1951(a)
Martin Joseph Hughes
N. D. Ohio
1987
Aiding and abetting the falsification of union records, aiding and assisting in the submission of false tax records, making false statements to a government agency, 29 U.S.C. § 439(c) and 18 U.S.C. § 2, 26 U.S.C. § 7204, 18 U.S.C. § 1001 (as modified)
Jere Wayne Johnson
W. D. Okla.
1982
Conspiracy to defraud the United States and Garfield County, Oklahoma, while serving as a county commissioner, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Michael Thomas Johnson
S. D. Miss.
1987
Filing false tax returns, 26 U.S.C. § 7206(1)
Daniel Wayne Keys
S. D. Tex.
1977
Possession with intent to distribute marijuana, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)
Larry Ray Killough
E. D. Ark.
1985
Unlawful distribution of prescription drugs, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)
Jack Kligman
E. D. Pa.
1985
Conspiracy and mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371 and 1341
Hector Osvaldo Labagnara
D. New Jersey
1976
Conspiracy to transport stolen motor vehicles in interstate commerce, to receive and sell stolen motor vehicles, to transport false vehicle registrations in interstate commerce, and to receive and dispose of false vehicle registrations; receipt and sale of stolen motor vehicles; 18 U.S.C. §§ 371 and 2313
Moses Jubilee Lestz
(fka Michael Eugene Lestz)
W. D. Ark.
1982
Forgery of United States savings bond, 18 U.S.C. § 495
Leon Lee Liebscher
W. D. Okla.
1982
Conspiracy to defraud the United States (tax evasion), 18 U.S.C. § 371
Pierluigi Mancini
N. D. Ga.
1985
Possession of cocaine with intent to distribute, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)
John Ross McCown, Jr.
D. Neb.
1992
Structuring of transactions to evade reporting requirements, 31 U.S.C. §§ 5324(3) and 5322(b) and 18 U.S.C. § 2
Edward Francis McKenna, III
S. D. Miss.
1993
Possession with intent to distribute anabolic steroids, 21 U.S.C. § 333(e)(1)
Andrew Kirkpatrick Mearns, III
D. Del.
1978
Conspiracy to distribute and possess with intent to distribute cocaine, 21 U.S.C. §§ 846 and 841
Ralph Eugene Meczyk
N. D. Ill.
1987
Filing false partnership and individual federal income tax returns, and aiding and abetting therein, 26 U.S.C. § 7206(1) and 18 U.S.C. § 2
Philip James Morin
W. D. Tex.
1984
Distribution of cocaine; 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)
Thomas Edward Nash, Jr.
W. D. No. Car.
1988
Conspiracy to restrain interstate trade and commerce, 15 U.S.C. § 1
Roger Lee Nelson
D. Neb.
1981
Aiding and abetting mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341 and 2
Jose Rene Pineda-Martinez
1. S. D. Tex.
1. 1983
1.
Entering U.S. without inspection (misdemeanor),
8 U.S.C. § 1325
2. S. D. Tex.
2. 1983
2.
Transporting an illegal alien within the U.S., 8 U.S.C.
§ 1324(a)(2)
3. S. D. Tex.
3. 1984
3.
Transporting an illegal alien within the U.S., 8 U.S.C.
§ 1324(a)(2)
John Russell Raup
Air Force general court-martial
1984
Larceny of government property and wrongful possession of marijuana; U.C.M.J. Articles 121 and 134
James William Rogers
D. So. Car.
1983 (as modified)
Conspiracy to commit racketeering, 18 U.S.C. § 1962(d)
George Wisham Roper, II
E. D. Va.
1974
Conspiracy to bribe public officials and to defraud the United States government, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Daniel Rostenkowski
D. Dist. Col.
1996
Mail fraud (two counts), 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341 and 1346
Dean Raymond Rush
W. D. Tex.
1993
False statements on a loan application, 18 U.S.C. § 1014
Archibald R. Schaffer, III
D. Dist. Col.
2000
Violation of the Meat Inspection Act, 21 U.S.C. § 622
Anthony Andrew Schmidt
D. Kan.
1985
Conspiracy to possess and distribute cocaine, 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and 846
Stanley Sirote
E. D. N. Y.
1974
Bribery of a public official, 18 U.S.C. § 201(f)
Dent Elwood Snider, Jr.
D. Colo.
1981
Use of a telephone to facilitate the distribution of cocaine, 21 U.S.C. § 843(b)
James Lawrence Swisher
M. D. No. Car.
1977
Obstruction of a criminal investigation, 18 U.S.C. § 1510
Larry Kalvy Thompson
N. D. Tex.
1988
Aiding and abetting misapplication of bank funds, misprision of a felony, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2, 4, and 657
Stephanie Marie Vetter
D. New Mex.
1979
Possession with intent to distribute methamphetamine, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)
Danny Ray Walker
E. D. Ark.
1975
Interstate transportation of stolen property, 18 U.S.C. § 2316
Thomas Andrew Warren
S. D. Fla.
1975
Conspiracy to import marijuana, 21 U.S.C. § 963
Michael Lynn Weatherford
E. D. No. Car.
1986
Aiding and abetting interstate travel in aid of racketeering, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1952(a) and 2
Jack Weinstein
D. Nev.
1975
Conspiracy and interstate transportation of stolen property, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371, 2314, and 2
Robert Owen Wilson
M. D. Tenn.
1980
Mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 1341
Charles Elvin Witherspoon
E. D. Tex.
1977
Embezzlement of bank funds, 18 U.S.C. § 656
Charles Z. Yonce, Jr.
D. So. Car.
1988
Conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute cocaine and aiding and abetting therein, 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), 846, and 841(b)(1)(B), and 18 U.S.C. § 2
January 20, 2001
NAME
DISTRICT
SENTENCED
OFFENSE
Verla Jean Allen
W. D. Ark.
1990
False statements to agency of United States, 15 U.S.C. § 714m(a)
Bernice Ruth Altschul
D. Ariz.
1992
Conspiracy to commit money laundering, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Nicholas M. Altiere
S. D. Fla.
1983
Importation of cocaine, 21 U.S.C. §§ 952(a)(1) and 960(a)(1)
Joe Anderson, Jr.
S. D. Ala.
1988
Income tax evasion, 26 U.S.C. § 7201
William Sterling Anderson
D. So. Car.
1987
Conspiracy to defraud a federally insured financial institution, false statements to a federally insured financial institution, wire fraud, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2, 371, 1014, and 1343
Mansour T. Azizkhani
W. D. Okla.
1984
Conspiracy and making false statements in bank loan applications, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371, 1014
Cleveland Victor Babin, Jr.
W. D. Okla.
1987
Conspiracy to commit offense against the United States by utilizing the U.S. mail in furtherance of a scheme to defraud, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Chris Harmon Bagley
W. D. Okla.
1989
Conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute cocaine, 21 U.S.C. § 846
Scott Lynn Bane
C. D. Ill.
1984
Unlawful distribution of marijuana, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) and 18 U.S.C. § 2
Thomas Cleveland Barber
M. D. Fla.
1977
Issuing worthless checks, 18 U.S.C. §§ 7 and 13
Peggy Ann Bargon
C. D. Ill.
1995
Violation of Lacey Act, violation of Bald Eagle Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. §§ 3372(a)(1), 3373(d)(2), and 668(a); 18 U.S.C. § 2
Tansukhlal Bhatka
W. D. Ark.
1991
Filing fraudulent income tax returns, 26 U.S.C. § 7201
David Roscoe Blampied
D. Idaho
1979
Conspiracy to distribute cocaine, 26 U.S.C. § 846
William Arthur Borders, Jr.
N. D. Ga.
1982
Conspiracy to corruptly solicit and accept money in return for influencing the official acts of a federal district court judge, and to defraud the United States in connection with the performance of lawful government functions; corruptly influencing, obstructing, impeding, and endeavoring to influence, obstruct, and impede the due administration of justice, and aiding and abetting therein; traveling interstate with intent to commit bribery, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371, 1503, 2, and 1952
Arthur David Borel
E. D. Ark.
1991
Odometer rollback, 15 U.S.C. § 1984
Douglas Charles Borel
E. D. Ark.
1991
Odometer rollback, 15 U.S.C. § 1984
George Thomas Brabham
E. D. Tex.
1989
Making a false statement or report to a federally insured bank, 18 U.S.C. § 1014
Almon Glenn Braswell
1. N. D. Ga.
1. 1983
1. Mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 1341
2. N. D. Ga.
2. 1983
2. Perjury, 18 U.S.C. § 1623
3. N. D. Ga.
3. 1983
3. Filing false income tax return, 26 U.S.C. § 7206(1)
Leonard Browder
D. So. Car.
1990
Illegal dispensing of controlled substance and Medicaid fraud, 21 U.S.C. §§ 827(a)(3), 843(a)(3), 843(a)(4)(A), and 843(c); 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341 and 2
David Steven Brown
S. D. N. Y.
1987
Securities fraud and mail fraud, 15 U.S.C. §§ 78j(b) and 78ff; 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341 and 2; 17 C.F.R. §240.106-5
Delores Caroylene Burleson
E. D. Okla.
1978
Possession of marijuana, 21 U.S.C. § 844(a)
John H. Bustamante
N. D. Ohio
1993
Wire fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 1343
Mary Louise Campbell
N. D. Miss.
1988
Aiding and abetting the unauthorized use and transfer of food stamps, 18 U.S.C. § 2 and 7 U.S.C. § 2024(b)
Eloida Candelaria
D. New Mex.
1992
False information in registering to vote, 42 U.S.C. § 1973i(c)
Dennis Sobrevinas Capili
E. D. Calif.
1990
Filing false statements in alien registration, 8 U.S.C. § 1306(c)
Donna Denise Chambers
E. D. Wis.
1986
Conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute and to distribute cocaine, possession with intent to distribute cocaine, use of a telephone to facilitate cocaine conspiracy, 21 U.S.C. §§ 846, 841(a)(1), and 843(b)
Douglas Eugene Chapman
E. D. Ark.
1993
Bank fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 1344
Ronald Keith Chapman
E. D. Ark.
1993
Bank fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 1344
Francisco Larios Chavez
S. D. Calif.
1986
Aiding and abetting illegal entry of aliens, 8 U.S.C. § 1325 and 18 U.S.C. § 2
Henry G. Cisneros
D. Dist. Col.
1999
False statement (misdemeanor), 18 U.S.C. § 1018
Roger Clinton
1. W. D. Ark.
1. 1985
1. Conspiracy to distribute cocaine, 21 U.S.C. § 846
2. W.D. Ark.
2. 1985
2. Distribution of cocaine, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)
Stuart Harris Cohn
S. D. N. Y.
1983
Illegal sale of commodity options, 7 U.S.C. §§ 6c(c) and 13(b), and 18 U.S.C. § 2
David M. Cooper
N. D. Ohio
1992
Conspiracy to defraud the government, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Ernest Harley Cox, Jr.
E. D. Ark.
1991
Conspiracy to defraud a federally insured savings and loan, misapplication of bank funds, false statements, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371, 657, and 1014
John F. Cross, Jr.
E. D. Ark.
1995
Embezzlement, 18 U.S.C. § 656
Rickey Lee Cunningham
S. D. Tex.
1973
Possession with intent to distribute marijuana, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)
Richard Anthony De Labio
D. Md.
1977
Mail fraud, aiding and abetting, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341 and 2
John Deutch
D. Dist. Col.
2001 information
Offenses charged in January 19, 2001, information
Richard Douglas
N. D. Calif.
1998
False statements to a government agent, 18 U.S.C. § 1001
Edward Reynolds Downe, Jr.
S. D. N. Y.
1993
Conspiracy to commit wire fraud and to subscribe to false income tax returns, securities fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 371 and 15 U.S.C. §§ 78p and 78ff
Marvin Dean Dudley
D. Neb.
1992
False statements, 18 U.S.C. § 1014
Larry Lee Duncan
W. D. Okla.
1992
Altering an automobile odometer, 15 U.S.C. § 1984
Robert Clinton Fain
E. D. Ark.
1982
Aiding and assisting in the preparation and filing of a false corporate tax return, 26 U.S.C. § 7206(2)
Marcos Arcenio Fernandez
S. D. Fla.
1980
Conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute marijuana, 21 U.S.C. § 846
Alvarez Ferrouillet
1. E. D. La.
1. 1997
1.
Interstate transportation of stolen property, 18 U.S.C. § 2314; money laundering, 18 U.S.C. § 1956(a)(1) (b)(i); engaging in a monetary transaction with criminally derived property, 18 U.S.C. § 1957; false statements to government agents, 18 U.S.C. § 1001
2. N. D. Miss.
2. 1997
2.
Conspiracy to make false statements to a financial institution, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371 and 1014
William Denis Fugazy
S. D. N. Y.
1997
Perjury in a bankruptcy proceeding, 18 U.S.C. § 152
Lloyd Reid George
E. D. Ark.
1997
Aiding and abetting mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341 and 2
Louis Goldstein
N. D. Ill.
1985
Possession of goods stolen from interstate shipment, 18 U.S.C. § 659
Rubye Lee Gordon
M. D. Ga.
1974
Forgery of U.S. Treasury checks, 18 U.S.C. § 495
Pincus Green
S. D. N. Y.
1984 superseding indictment
Wire fraud, mail fraud, racketeering, racketeering conspiracy, criminal forfeiture, income tax evasion, and trading with Iran in violation of trade embargo, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1343, 1341, 1962(c), 1962(d), 1963, and 2; 26 U.S.C. § 7201, 50 U.S.C. § 1705, and 31 C.F.R. §§ 535.206(a)(4), 535.208 and 535.701
Robert Ivey Hamner
C. D. Ill.
1986
Conspiracy to distribute marijuana, possession of marijuana with intent to distribute, 21 U.S.C. §§ 846 and 841(a)(1)
Samuel Price Handley
W. D. Ky.
1963
Conspiracy to steal government property, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Woodie Randolph Handley
W. D. Ky.
1963
Conspiracy to steal government property, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Jay Houston Harmon
1. E. D. Ark.
1. 1982
1.
Conspiracy to import marijuana, conspiracy to possess marijuana with intent to distribute, importation of marijuana, possession of marijuana with intent to distribute, 21 U.S.C. §§ 963, 846, 952, and 841(a)
2. M. D. Ga.
2. 1986
2.
Conspiracy to import cocaine, 21 U.S.C. §§ 952, 960, and 963
John J. Hemmingson
E. D. La.
1997
Interstate transportation of stolen property, 18 U.S.C. § 2314; money laundering, 18 U.S.C. § 1956(a)(1)(b)(i); engaging in a monetary transaction with criminally derived property, 18 U.S.C. § 1957
David S. Herdlinger
W. D. Ark.
1986
Mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 1341
Debi Rae Huckleberry,
(fka Debi Rae VanDenakker)
D. Utah
1986
Distribution of methamphetamine, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)
Donald Ray James
W. D. Tenn.
1983
Mail fraud, wire fraud, and false statements to a bank to influence credit approval, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341, 1343, and 1014
Stanley Pruet Jobe
W. D. Tex.
1994
Conspiracy to commit bank fraud, bank fraud, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371, 1005, 1014, and 1344
Ruben H. Johnson
W. D. Tex.
1989
Theft and misapplication of bank funds by a bank officer or director (13 counts), 18 U.S.C. § 656
Linda Jones,
(fka Linda D. Medlar)
N. D. Tex.
1998
Conspiracy to commit bank fraud, to make a false statement to a bank, to launder monetary instruments, and to engage in monetary transactions in property derived from specific unlawful activity; aiding and abetting bank fraud; aiding and abetting false statements to a bank; aiding and abetting laundering monetary instruments; aiding and abetting engaging in monetary transactions in property derived from specific unlawful activity; obstruction of justice; falsifying, concealing and covering up a material fact by trick, scheme, or device; making a false statement; 18 U.S.C. §§ 2, 371, 1001, 1014, 1344(1) and (2), 1503, 1956(a)(1)(A)(i) and (B)(i), and 1957
James Howard Lake
D. Dist. Col.
1998
Illegal corporate campaign contributions (two counts), wire fraud, 2 U.S.C. §§ 437g(d)(1)(A), 441b(a), and 441f, and 18 U.S.C. §§ 2, 1343, and 1346
June Louise Lewis
N. D. Ohio
1991
Embezzlement by a bank employee, 18 U.S.C. § 656
Salim Bonnor Lewis
S. D. N. Y.
1989
Securities fraud, record keeping violations, margin violations, 15 U.S.C. §§ 78ff, 78g(a), 78g(f), and 78j(b), and 18 U.S.C. § 2
John Leighton Lodwick
W. D. Mo.
1968
Income tax evasion, 26 U.S.C. § 7201
Hildebrando Lopez
S. D. Tex.
1981
Distribution of cocaine, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)
Jose Julio Luaces, Jr.
S. D. Fla.
1989
Possession of an unregistered firearm, 26 U.S.C. §§ 5861(d) and 5871
James Timothy Maness
W. D. Tenn.
1985
Conspiracy to distribute Valium, 21 U.S.C. §§ 846 and 841(a)(1)
James Lowell Manning
E. D. Ark.
1982
Aiding and assisting in the preparation of a false corporate income tax return, 26 U.S.C. § 7206(2)
John Robert Martin
N. D. Fla.
1987
Income tax evasion, 26 U.S.C. § 7201
Frank Ayala Martinez
W. D. Tex.
1989
Conspiracy to supply false documents to the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Silvia Leticia Beltran Martinez
W. D. Tex.
1989
Conspiracy to supply false documents to the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 18 U.S.C. § 371
John Francis McCormick
D. Mass.
1988
Racketeering, racketeering conspiracy, aiding and abetting Hobbjay houston harmons Act extortion (five counts), 18 U.S.C. §§ 1962(c) and (d), 1951, and 2
Susan H. McDougal
E. D. Ark.
1996
Mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 1341; aiding and abetting in misapplication of Small Business Investment Corporation funds, 18 U.S.C. §§ 657 and 2; aiding and abetting in making false entries, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1006 and 2; aiding and abetting in making false statements, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1014 and 2
Howard Lawrence Mechanic, (aka Gary Robert Tredway)
1. E. D. Mo.
1. 1970
1.
Violating the Civil Disobedience Act of 1968, 18 U.S.C. § 213(a)
2. D. Ariz.
2. 2000
2.
Failure to appear, 18 U.S.C. § 3150
3. D. Ariz.
3. 2000
3.
Making a false statement in acquiring a passport, 18 U.S.C. § 1542
Brook K. Mitchell, Sr.
D. Dist. Col.
1999
Conspiracy to illegally obtain USDA subsidy payments, false statements to USDA (two counts), false entries on USDA forms, 15 U.S.C. §§ 741m(d), 714m(a), and 714m(b)(ii); 18 U.S.C. § 2
Charles Wilfred Morgan, III
W. D. Ark.
1984
Conspiracy to distribute cocaine, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Samuel Loring Morison
D. Md.
1985
Willful transmission of defense information, unauthorized possession and retention of defense information, theft of government property, 18 U.S.C. §§ 641, 793(d), and 793(e)
Richard Anthony Nazzaro
D. Mass.
1988
Perjury and conspiracy to commit mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371 and 1623
Charlene Ann Nosenko
N. D. Ill.
1990
Conspiracy to defraud the United States, and influencing or injuring an officer or juror generally, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371 and 1503
Vernon Raymond Obermeier
S. D. Ill.
1989
Conspiracy to distribute cocaine, distribution of cocaine, and using a communications facility to facilitate distribution of cocaine, 21 U.S.C. §§ 846, 841(a)(1), and 843(b)
Miguelina Ogalde
D. Puerto Rico
1981
Conspiracy to import cocaine, 21 U.S.C. §§ 952(a) and 963
David C. Owen
D. Kans.
1993
Filing a false tax return, 26 U.S.C. § 7206(1)
Robert William Palmer
E. D. Ark.
1995
Conspiracy to make false statements, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Kelli Anne Perhosky
(fka Kelli Anne Flynn)
W. D. Pa.
1989
Conspiracy to commit mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Richard H. Pezzopane
N. D. Ill.
1988
Conspiracy to commit racketeering, mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1962(d) and 1341
Orville Rex Phillips
W. D. Tex.
1991
Unlawful structuring of a financial transaction, 31 U.S.C. § 5324
Vinson Stewart Poling, Jr.
D. Md.
1980
Making a false bank entry, and aiding and abetting, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1005 and 2
Normal Lyle Prouse
D. Minn.
1990
Operating or directing the operation of a common carrier while under the influence of alcohol, 18 U.S.C. § 342
Willie H. H. Pruitt, Jr.
U.S. Air Force special court-martial
1954
Absent without official leave, UCMJ
Danny Martin Pursley, Sr.
M. D. Tenn.
1991
Aiding and abetting the conduct of an illegal gambling business, and obstruction of state laws to facilitate illegal gambling, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1511, 1955, and 2
Charles D. Ravenel
D. So. Car.
1996
Conspiring to defraud the United States, 18 U.S.C. § 371
William Clyde Ray
W. D. Okla.
1989
Fraud using the telephone, 18 U.S.C. § 1343
Alfredo Luna Regalado
S. D. Tex.
1987
Failure to report the transportation of currency in excess of $10,000 into the United States, 31 U.S.C. § 5316(a)(1)(B)
Ildefonso Reynes Ricafort
Veterans Administration Compensation and Pension Service
1987
Submission of false claims to Veterans Administration, 38 U.S.C. § 3503(a), now codified at 38 U.S.C. § 6103(a)
Marc Rich
S. D. N. Y.
1984 superseding indictment
Wire fraud, mail fraud, racketeering, racketeering conspiracy, criminal forfeiture, income tax evasion, and trading with Iran in violation of trade embargo, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1343, 1341, 1962(c), 1962(d), 1963, and 2; 26 U.S.C. § 7201, 50 U.S.C. § 1705, and 31 C.F.R. §§ 535.206(a)(4), 535.208 and 535.701
Howard Winfield Riddle
N. D. Tex.
1989
Violation of the Lacey Act (receipt of illegally imported animal skins), 18 U.S.C. § 545
Richard Wilson Riley, Jr.
D. So. Car.
1993
Conspiring to possess with intent to distribute and to distribute marijuana and cocaine, 21 U.S.C. § 846
Samuel Lee Robbins
W. D. Tex.
1990
Misprision of a felony, 18 U.S.C. § 4
Joel Gonzales Rodriguez
S. D. Tex.
1991
Theft of mail by a postal employee, 18 U.S.C. § 1709
Michael James Rogers
S. D. Tex.
1977
Conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute marijuana, 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and 846
Anna Louise Ross
N. D. Tex.
1988
Distribution of cocaine, 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1); 18 U.S.C. § 2
Gerald Glen Rust
E. D. Tex.
1991
False declarations before grand jury, 18 U.S.C. § 1623
Jerri Ann Rust
E. D. Tex.
1991
False declarations before grand jury, 18 U.S.C. § 1623
Bettye June Rutherford
D. New Mex.
1992
Possession of marijuana with intent to distribute, 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and (b)(1)(D)
Gregory Lee Sands
D. So. Dak.
1990
Conspiracy to distribute cocaine, 21 U.S.C. §§ 841 and 846
Adolph Schwimmer
S. D. Calif.
1950
Conspiracy to violate the Neutrality Act and export control laws, and conspiracy to export arms, ammunition, etc. to a foreign country, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 88 (1946 ed.) and 371, 22 U.S.C. § 452, and 50 U.S.C. § 701
Albert A. Seretti, Jr.
D. Nev.
1983
Conspiracy and wire fraud, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2, 371, 1343
Patricia Campbell Hearst Shaw
N. D. Calif.
1976
Armed bank robbery and using a firearm during a felony, 18 U.S.C. §§ 2113(a) and (d) and 924(c)(1)
Dennis Joseph Smith
1. U.S. Army summary court-martial
1. 1951
1. Unauthorized absence
2. U.S. Army summary court-martial
2. 1952
2. Failure to obey off limits instructions
3. U.S. Army special court-martial
3. 1954
3. Unauthorized absence
Gerald Owen Smith
S. D. Miss.
1956
Armed bank robbery, 18 U.S.C. § 2113
Stephen A. Smith
E. D. Ark.
1996
Conspiracy to misapply Small Business Administration loans, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Jimmie Lee Speake
N. D. Tex.
1976
Conspiracy to possess and utter counterfeit $20 Federal Reserve notes, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Charles Bernard Stewart
M. D. Ga.
1986
Illegally destroying U.S. mail, 18 U.S.C. § 1703(a)
Marlena Francisca Stewart-Rollins
N. D. Ohio
1989
Conspiracy to distribute cocaine, 21 U.S.C. § 846
John Fife Symington, III
D. Ariz.
1996 indictment; 1997 superseding indictment
False statements to federally insured financial institutions, wire fraud, attempted extortion, and false statements in bankruptcy proceeding, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1014, 1343, 1951, 152, 2(a) and 2(b)
Richard Lee Tannehill
D. Colo.
1990
Conspiracy in restraint of trade, 15 U.S.C. § 1
Nicholas C. Tenaglia
E. D. Pa.
1985
Receipt of illegal payments under the Medicare Program, 42 U.S.C. § 1395nn(b)(1)(B)
Gary Allen Thomas
W. D. Tex.
1987
Theft of mail by postal employee, 18 U.S.C. § 1709
Larry Weldon Todd
W. D. Tex.
1983
Conspiracy to commit an offense against the United States in violation of the Lacey Act and the Airborne Hunting Act, 18 U.S.C. § 371; 16 U.S.C. §§ 3372(a)(1), 3373(d)(1)(B), and 742j-1
Olga C. Trevino
W. D. Tex.
1987
Misapplication by a bank employee, 18 U.S.C. § 656
Ignatious Vamvouklis
D. New. Hamp.
1991
Possession of cocaine, 21 U.S.C. § 844(a)
Patricia A. Van De Weerd
W. D. Wis.
1990
Theft by U.S. postal employee, 18 U.S.C. § 1711
Christopher V. Wade
E. D. Ark.
1995
Bank fraud and false statements on a loan application, 18 U.S.C. §§ 152 and 1014
Bill Wayne Warmath
W. D. Tenn.
1965
Obstruction of correspondence, 18 U.S.C. § 1720
Jack Kenneth Watson
D. Oregon
1985
Making false statements of material facts to the United States Forest Service, 18 U.S.C. § 1001
Donna Lynn Webb
N. D. Fla.
1989
False entry in savings and loan record by employee, 18 U.S.C. § 1006
Donald William Wells
M. D. No. Car.
1973
Possession of an unregistered firearm, 26 U.S.C. §§ 5861(d) and 5871
Robert H. Wendt
E. D. Mo.
1982
Conspiracy to effectuate the escape of a federal prisoner, 18 U.S.C. § 371
Jack L. Williams
D. Dist. Col.
1998
Making false statements to federal agents (two counts), 18 U.S.C. § 1001
Kevin Arthur Williams
D. Neb.
1990
Conspiracy to distribute and possess with intent to distribute crack cocaine, 21 U.S.C. § 846
Robert Michael Williams
E. D. Mich.
1981
Conspiracy to transport in foreign commerce securities obtained by fraud, 18 U.S.C. §§ 371 and 2314
Jimmie Lee Wilson
E. D. Ark.
1990
Converting property mortgaged or pledged to a farm credit agency, and converting public money to personal use, 18 U.S.C. §§ 641 and 658
Thelma Louise Wingate
M. D. Ga.
1991
Mail fraud, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341 and 2
Mitchell Couey Wood
E. D. Ark.
1986
Conspiracy to possess and to distribute cocaine, 18 U.S.C. § 371 and 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)
Warren Stannard Wood
S. D. Calif.
1978
Conspiracy to defraud the United States by filing a false document with the Securities and Exchange Commission, 18 U.S.C. § 371; 15 U.S.C. §§ 78m. 78n, and 78ff
Dewey Worthey
E. D. Ark.
1988
Medicaid fraud, 42 U.S.C. § 1396
Rick Allen Yale
S. D. Ill.
1992
Bank fraud, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1344 and 2
Joseph A. Yasak
N. D. Ill.
1988
Knowingly making under oath a false declaration regarding a material fact before a Grand Jury, 18 U.S.C. § 1623
William Stanley Yingling
E. D. Ark.
1979
Receipt of a stolen motor vehicle, 18 U.S.C. § 2313
Philip David Young
W. D. La.
1992
Interstate transportation and sale of fish and wildlife, 16 U.S.C. §§ 3372(a)(2)(A) and 3373(d)(1)(B)
That is a bit of an overwhelming list. All presidents pardon, of course. It is important to note a few that Clinton pardoned to keep all of this hype coming from the Dems in perspective.
• Marc Rich, a fugitive, was pardoned of tax evasion, after clemency pleas from Israeli prime minister Ehud Barak, among many other international luminaries. Denise Rich, Marc’s former wife, was a close friend of the Clintons and had made substantial donations to both Clinton’s library and Hillary’s Senate campaign. Clinton agreed to a pardon that required Marc Rich to pay a $100,000,000 fine before he could return to the United States. According to Paul Volcker’s independent investigation of Iraqi Oil-for-Food kickback schemes, Marc Rich was a middleman for several suspect Iraqi oil deals involving over 4 million barrels of oil
• Susan McDougal, who had already completed her sentence, was pardoned for her role in the Whitewater scandal; McDougal had served 18 months on contempt charges for refusing to testify about Clinton’s role.
• Dan Rostenkowski, a former Democratic Congressman convicted in the Congressional Post Office Scandal. Rostenkowski had served his entire sentence.
• Melvin J. Reynolds, a Democratic Congressman from Illinois, who was convicted of bank fraud, 12 counts of sexual assault, obstruction of justice, and solicitation of child pornography had his sentence commuted on the bank fraud charged and was allowed to serve the final months under the auspices of a half way house. He had served his entire sentence on child sex abuse charges before the commutation of the later convictions.
• Roger Clinton, the president’s half-brother, on drug charges after having served the entire sentence more than a decade before. Roger Clinton would be charged with drunk driving and disorderly conduct in an unrelated incident within a year of the pardon. He was also briefly alleged to have been utilized in lobbying for the Braswell pardon, among others.
Hillary’s call of cronyism and the others sqwaking about politics, corruption, impeachment, etc fall on deaf ears in light of Clinton’s record. Not that Clinton’s record has anything to do with Libby... it doesn’t and shouldn’t. I would only bring up Clinton’s record in response to the silly comments from the Left. If they would acknowledge that Clinton was guilty of what they are claiming Bush is guilty of then we could at least start the debate from a principled position.
What hasn’t been explained yet.......
Since Armitage hasn’t denied being the leaker and since Fitzgerald was supposed to charge the person leaking her name, why has Fitzgerald failed to even charge Richard Armitage?
Shouldn’t he at least be charged? I mean, if a crime was committed and all.....
I’m sure someone has written about this but I certainly don’t understand why Fitzgerald didn’t follow up with this. Perhaps he decided it was too difficult to prove if Plame was covert or not so he took the easiest route and called it good. Fitzgerald hasn’t seemed to address whether there even was a crime of leaking. Very strange indeed. Perhaps he will write a book.
He is a wealthy man...I’m sure he can afford the fine.
WRONG!!! Rush said today that Libby cannot afford either the fine or his huge LEGAL bills !!!!
Not at all, GWB was critical of Libby in his message. He implied that he thought Libby deserved some punishment. There is a heavy fine for being a fall guy and disbarment too. GWB gave some legitimacy to the Democrat charges against Libby.
Even if he could afford this fine, it is still Democrat in justice uncorrected by GWB.
Right you are: GWB is a respecter of persons. despite his rhetoric.
Even if he could afford this fine, it is still Democrat in justice uncorrected by GWB.
All in good time my friend. Innocent on appeal is better than pardoned
And while Hillary is ranting over the injustice of Bush commuting Libby’s sentence..wasnt it HER husband that obstructed justice, lied under oath and received a slap on the wrist by his democrat cronies in the senate?
About time. Now let’s get those border agents out!
Can someone explain the Libby situation as it unfolded? I paid zero attention to it, remarkably. Why was he slammed and then (today) commuted? Thanks
you all can vote on lou dobbs poll at loudobbs.com right now on whether or not bush should pardon those 2 border patrol!! I know it’s not official, but they’ll have to pay attention.....
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