How could an ant possibly know?
"How could an ant possibly know?" I will ask her that and get back to you, but I expect a "look" and a "they just do".
Ants have exoskeletons. A major low barometric pressure change, which attracts hurricanes would cause noticeable pain to an exoskeleton insect, different than localized trauma pain.
Same as how arthritis sufferers know when a bad storm is coming, when the low barometric pressure pushes the Nitrogen bubbles in their joints to vent.