Actually, that is a learned skill, not an intuitive one. You can watch the process by visiting peewee league baseball games. We don't intuitively know how to catch a ball. We learn how to catch a ball.
Furthermore, let's not get carried away in patting our species on the back for the way "the human mind" is capable of "intuitively grasping" things (like anticipating the movement of a thrown object and catching it) that *nonhuman* species can also do:
And when it comes to "intuitively grasping" ballistic trajectories and aerodynamics and so forth, most birds have humans beat by a longshot...
Finally, it turns out that people's "common sense" experiences with motion often result in misunderstandings about how moving objects actually behave: Naive Theories of Motion.
It is the verbal descriptions that are mistaken, not the "intuitive/learned" sense of trajectory. The behavior of baseball/frisbie catching humans and dogs is quite in tune with reality.