[RKV]

Horsesh*t Billybob. Senator Jacob Howard of Michigan, introduced the 14th Amendment, specifically stating that the privileges and immunities clause would extend to the states “the personal rights guaranteed and secured by the first eight amendments.” What happened subsequently is that a bunch of Democrats hijacked the case law and created the partial incorporation or non-incorporation theories out of nothing. You know better - original intent does matter.

[Congressman Billybob]

I'm a firm believer in "original intent." However, a single floor speech by a single Member of Congress does NOT establish the intent of the entire Congress, much less the intent of Congress plus the intent of the ratifying state legislatures.

By contrast, it was clear from most Members of Congress and most ratufying state legislatures that the BOR were intended, when written, to apply only to the states.

John / Billybob