Free Republic
Browse · Search
News/Activism
Topics · Post Article

Skip to comments.

Sorting opinions in radio airwaves doesn't foster valid discussions (FreeRepublic mentioned)
The Digital Collegian (Penn State) ^ | Monday, April 5, 2004 | Torie Bosch

Posted on 04/05/2004 12:20:12 PM PDT by Willie Green

For education and discussion only. Not for commercial use.

Let's be honest here. We all have our biases.

I'll admit to mine right now. I can't stand country music, political strategist Karl Rove and chemistry. So, if I decided to write a column about the Karl Rove-led plan to cut prices on chemistry books by getting country music labels to sponsor them, with promises of renaming elements after country stars (he says "chesneyium" just sounds better than "carbon"), you would probably be a bit suspicious of my motives.

In theory, all journalism is completely without bias. A reporter, whether in print, on-air or onscreen, is supposed to approach a story like a juror, without his or her mind completely made up.

In reality, though, it is impossible to be completely impartial about something, whether it's a new TV show ("I love the show, but I'm biased, because the main character's so hot!") or an Undergraduate Student Government presidential candidate ("I don't know whether he'll do a good job, but I had a class with him last year, and he seemed like a good guy"). For journalists, even deciding what exactly to report on is a judgment call -- what's more important, the death of a soldier in Iraq or the success of a new school for girls in Afghanistan?

It depends on how you look at the news.

People often speak of "liberal bias" or "conservative bias" in the media. These phrases seem more appropriate lately, given the growing success of unabashedly biased books, radio shows and news broadcasts that offer politically skewed looks at world events. Amazon.com's nonfiction top 10 sellers include: Worse than Watergate: The Secret Presidency of George W. Bush, by John W. Dean; Deliver Us From Evil: Defeating Terrorism, Despotism, and Liberalism, by Sean Hannity; and The Official Handbook of the Right Wing Conspiracy, by Mark W. Smith. Smith promises that his book will give readers "all the ammunition you need to help win every argument against loony liberals." He's not even trying to market to anyone outside of his own political ideology.

Biased media got a booster shot last week, when the long-planned liberal Air America Radio launched in six cities. Air America Radio's on-air talents include comedians Al Franken and Janeane Garofalo, as well as rapper Chuck D of Public Enemy.

The first days' shows, available via the Internet for those of us outside of the new station's test markets, repeatedly mocked conservatives by claiming to lock Ann Coulter in the green room and calling Air America Radio a "drug free zone," a reference to Rush Limbaugh's addiction to painkillers.

With Air America Radio (not to be confused with plain old Air America, which deals in paintball gun weapon systems), the media are taking another step away from objective journalism. Since the massive, wood-paneled radio sets of yore, radio has had biased shows, like the xenophobic priest Charles E. Coughlin in the 1930s.

But stations for just liberal talk or just conservative talk make real debate virtually impossible.

No longer must hosts with opposing views sit across from one another and hash out their differences; now, they can sit in their comfortable booths and laugh at any caller whose views run contrary to their own.

Conservative and liberal hosts each say that their own audiences are smarter, better informed and more perceptive than the competition's listeners. They constantly stroke the listener's ego. They call you smart and informed because you share their opinions, so you want to listen more. After all, everyone wants to be called smart.

They give you "information" to back up the opinions you already have, without showing you the other side of the story. That other side is called stupid, and so you feel stupid for wanting to listen to it.

By shutting out other vantage points and listening only to what you agree with, you're just sticking your fingers in your ears and humming. Democracy depends on informed discourse, and the numerous biased radio programs give you anything but that discourse.

There is nothing wrong with reading a book or listening to a program put forth by someone you agree with.

Liberals: If you want, you can listen only to Air America Radio, subscribe only to Mother Jones, surf only www.moveon.org and read only Michael Moore.

Conservatives: If you want, you can listen only to Limbaugh, subscribe only to The Weekly Standard, surf only www.freerepublic.com and read only Ann Coulter.

But then, will you really be able to effectively argue with someone of opposing beliefs? After all, you need to establish common ground to conduct a fruitful debate -- and I don't consider either Moore or Coulter common ground.

We students often claim to fight indoctrination, be it conservative or liberal. But by surrounding ourselves with opinions that we already agree with, we are in fact being indoctrinated and inoculated against further learning.

So don't listen to what anyone else tells you.

Just listen to me, and make up your own mind.

Torie Bosch is a sophomore majoring in English and a Daily Collegian columnist. Her e-mail address is vub101@psu.edu.


TOPICS: Constitution/Conservatism; Culture/Society; Editorial; Free Republic; Politics/Elections
KEYWORDS: liberaltalkradio; mediabias
Navigation: use the links below to view more comments.
first previous 1-2021-4041-44 next last
To: Willie Green
Someone else who doesn't get the idea that talk radio is an opinion medium, not journalism.

She should write for moron.com

=o)

21 posted on 04/05/2004 8:19:08 PM PDT by GeronL (Hey, I am on the internet. I have a right (cough, cough) to write stupid things.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: All
"Conservatives: If you want, you can listen only to Limbaugh, subscribe only to The Weekly Standard, surf only www.freerepublic.com and read only Ann Coulter.

But then, will you really be able to effectively argue with someone of opposing beliefs? After all, you need to establish common ground to conduct a fruitful debate -- and I don't consider either Moore or Coulter common ground.

We students often claim to fight indoctrination, be it conservative or liberal. But by surrounding ourselves with opinions that we already agree with, we are in fact being indoctrinated and inoculated against further learning."

Well, he is right. If all we do is talk to people we agree with, how can we further understand the true beliefs of the other side...rather than simply our perceptions of them? Sometimes conservatives go too far in calling liberalism socialism all the time, for instance. Yes, liberalism is wrong, but we need to be able to explain why much better than just screaming, "Well, because they are a bunch of hippie socialists." That won't win converts, and rightly so.

I must admit that I love watching the videos of Evan Coyne Maloney. He exposes the stupidity of many leftists. For an example of his work, see: http://brain-terminal.com/video/nyc-2004-03-20/

However, believe it or not, there are some smart liberals out there. They aren't all hippies without an education. And we conservatives have our share of morons as well.

You can't live in a bubble and expect to fully understand where the other side is coming from, nor can you ultimately be able to DEFEND THE CONSERVATIVE PHILOSOPHY by simply hanging out on FR. Turn on NOW with Bill Moyers sometimes. Listen to NPR. Head over to the New Republic website sometimes.

I don't mean head over to DU and listen to Franken. They are not intelligent places to learn the other side. You need to see places in which there is REASONED argumentation of the liberal position.

But ultimately, we need to do it to a degree (doing it too much will drive you insane of course). If we do not, conservatism will not be able to thoroughly demolish the left like it should be able to do. If we do not, our opinions will not be as strong when defending our positions since we can't refute the core logic of the other side, only the Democrat Party talking points since that is what you learn to do on FR.

FR is great. You get to work with others to fight the left. You get to have fellowship with others. You get to see many amazing news articles and discuss them with like-minded people. You get to have FUN.

But ultimately, you have to get your hands dirty to be a fully capable supporter of freedom and limited government. You need to get out there and observe what others think, debate with them, have pleasant conversations with those who are willing to do so instead of shouting you down (tough to do, but possible). Just like Jesus calls us to go into the nations to evangelize in a world that is not our home, as conservatives, we need to go out and get to know the enemy so a proper refutation of liberalism can be offered. And who knows, perhaps we will win some converts...and friends...in the process.
22 posted on 04/05/2004 10:00:13 PM PDT by rwfromkansas ("Am I not destroying my enemies when I make friends of them?" -- Abraham Lincoln)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: rwfromkansas; lowbridge
believe it or not, there are some smart liberals out there. They aren't all hippies without an education. And we conservatives have our share of morons as well.

You can't live in a bubble and expect to fully understand where the other side is coming from, nor can you ultimately be able to DEFEND THE CONSERVATIVE PHILOSOPHY by simply hanging out on FR. Turn on NOW with Bill Moyers sometimes. Listen to NPR. Head over to the New Republic website sometimes.

I don't mean head over to DU and listen to Franken. They are not intelligent places to learn the other side. You need to see places in which there is REASONED argumentation of the liberal position.

But ultimately, we need to do it to a degree (doing it too much will drive you insane of course). If we do not, conservatism will not be able to thoroughly demolish the left like it should be able to do. If we do not, our opinions will not be as strong when defending our positions since we can't refute the core logic of the other side, only the Democrat Party talking points since that is what you learn to do on FR.

FR is great. You get to work with others to fight the left. You get to have fellowship with others. You get to see many amazing news articles and discuss them with like-minded people. You get to have FUN.

But ultimately, you have to get your hands dirty to be a fully capable supporter of freedom and limited government. You need to get out there and observe what others think, debate with them, have pleasant conversations with those who are willing to do so instead of shouting you down (tough to do, but possible). Just like Jesus calls us to go into the nations to evangelize in a world that is not our home, as conservatives, we need to go out and get to know the enemy so a proper refutation of liberalism can be offered. And who knows, perhaps we will win some converts...and friends...in the process.

22 posted on 04/06/2004 1:00:13 AM EDT by rwfromkansas

I'm with lowbridge on this, RW: I used to post to a CSPAN board, and after a certain point it became ridiculous - leftists arguments are predictable and lame because they are simply arguments to take the easy way out instead of taking the long view. "In the long run we are all dead," John Maynard Keynes said. True - individually. But it should really read, "In the long run each of us is dead," because there is, 'til the Lord's return, posterity.

Leftism simply urges that we eat society's seed corn, risking the stagnation of that geometric increase in living standards which has made the prosperity of an American secretary today comparable to that of Queen Victoria (1819 - 1901) in her time. That is the "big picture" in my vision; journalism is by its nature an amplified (if not distorted) view of a much smaller slice of reality. In that small picture our attention is focused on many things, many of them negative, which are in the big picture inconsequential.

23 posted on 04/06/2004 1:55:18 AM PDT by conservatism_IS_compassion (No one is as subjective as the person who knows he is objective.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 16 | View Replies]

To: Willie Green
So on one side we have Ann Coulter and Michael Moore on the other. Coulter takes great pains to get her facts straight, as illustrated by libs who call her out on it, but have no specific reference as to where she's wrong when she asks them for any.
Moore avoids real facts as much as he avoids soap.
Which one would you choose?
24 posted on 04/06/2004 2:08:58 AM PDT by Hillarys Gate Cult (Proud member of the right wing extremist Neanderthals.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: conservatism_IS_compassion
Media Bias Bump.
25 posted on 04/06/2004 3:09:13 AM PDT by E.G.C.
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 18 | View Replies]

To: Willie Green
"I'll admit to mine right now. I can't stand country music, political strategist Karl Rove and chemistry

Can't stand country music? Bet she loves rock and roll but does'nt where it came from. Dislikes Karl Rove, goes right to the top of the heap, avoids her real hate. Hates chemistry, now that is the real teller, just another wordsmith without a brain.

26 posted on 04/06/2004 3:35:47 AM PDT by cynicom
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: freedumb2003
LOL
27 posted on 04/06/2004 3:39:57 AM PDT by fml ( You can twist perception, reality won't budge. -RUSH)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 9 | View Replies]

To: supercat
I don't consider your examples to be demonstrations of liberal bias. They were focused on facts, with a bit of license for colorful language. You seem to believe that is is 'liberal' to report the unusual, and 'conservative' to report the mundane. That has never been my contention.

Here's the bias angle: "James Jones, 19, was shot and killed at the intersection of 33rd and 24th. Sarah Brady, spokesperson for Handgun Control Inc. said, 'This demonstrates the danger of handguns. Yet another child has been killed by a gun.'"

There is no reference to crime or any potential justification for the use of the weapon, the 'report' is dominated by a quote - not facts - and the quote is from a liberal activist.

In contrast, both of your examples are dominated by facts, which means either could be examples of 'good' journalism, though - like you mentioned - I would not expect to see the non-crime reported.
28 posted on 04/06/2004 6:24:47 AM PDT by Gorjus
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 20 | View Replies]

To: Hillarys Gate Cult
Which one would you choose?

Ann, of course.
She's MUCH better looking.

29 posted on 04/06/2004 7:43:41 AM PDT by Willie Green (Go Pat Go!!!)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 24 | View Replies]

To: Willie Green
The sophomore's missive omits several crucial points:

There is an appetite for conservative sources of information because 80% or more of professional journalists vote Demo. Possibly more are Leftists. A palpable media bias to the Left creates a hole in news coverage that is filled by conservative commentary.

This is why attempts to start Leftist talk shows [Cuomo, Tom (Don't) Likas] have failed in the past, because there is already a saturation of that point of view in the media and entertainment -- although they portray themselves to be objective.

This is a key difference. Conservative talk show hosts make no pretense of being objective -- it is commmentary.

Thus, those of us who partake of Rush, FR and the like are AUGMENTING our diet of Left-wing dominated news coverage in an attempt to get complete coverage.

Criticism of FR is especially disingenous. We are certainly not using singular sources of information. It has the most diverse base of cited sources that I know of. Compare that to the limited sourcing found at DU. FR has a more diverse range of points-of-view while DU is a Leftist circle-jerk. Opposing points of view are simply not tolerated there at all. Here, a Leftist can stay if he/she can remain civil and on-topic.

The article is trying to posit a moral equivalency where there is none. There is no mirror image from one side to the other, because the positions are based upon fundamentally different [but not opposite] mindsets.
30 posted on 04/06/2004 7:57:54 AM PDT by walford ("Which candididate do the terrorists want? Vote for the other guy!")
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: walford
One of the biggest points she fails to mention is why we go to FR, or listen to Rush or read Ann.

We want the truth. The media lies to us, or distorts the truth in such a way that we don't know what is true and what is false. There is an underlying political agenda that
the media is trying to push through to unsuspecting viewers.

FR, Ann and Rush put it into perspective for people looking to the truth.

It is unfortunate that college kids are subjected to leftist ideology for four years.
31 posted on 04/06/2004 8:19:41 AM PDT by EQAndyBuzz
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 30 | View Replies]

To: EQAndyBuzz
"It is unfortunate that college kids are subjected to leftist ideology for four years."

I am a senior at George Mason University [LEFT] in Fairfax VA majoring in Gov't & Int'l Politics/Elec Journalism and have somehow made it this far with my convictions only further enhanced. I'm no kid, though [trying to make a career change].

The faculty of most Universities are far to the left of the student body. I'm proud to say that these youngsters are as skeptical of what Old People say as ever.
32 posted on 04/06/2004 8:33:45 AM PDT by walford ("Which candididate do the terrorists want? Vote for the other guy!")
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 31 | View Replies]

To: Willie Green
But stations for just liberal talk or just conservative talk make real debate virtually impossible.

If you need proof that our educational system is a giant falure, all you need do is read this rant.

For all but the last 60 years of our nations histroy the media was openly and proudly partisan. For example leading up to and during the Civil war nearly every town had an anti slavery Republican paper lauding Lincoln. While the other paper in town was openly Democratic and in favor of slavery. The Democratic papers portrayed blacks as little more than animals. They portrayed Lincoln as subhuman too. The Republican papers protrayed Lincoln as a savior of the nation.

The liberal papers of the 30s painted Roosevelt as the perfect leader. The conservative papers painted Roosevelt as an evil man. The Roosevelt adminstation became so fearful of radio, that in 1943 they made it illegal for radio stations to editorialize. It was Democrats who made partisanship on radio and TV illegal with the so called fairness doctrine.

Newspapers began folding in the 1950's. The surviving papers tried to get both sides to read their paper. So they put out the word that they were non partisan. But that was always a lie. Reporters for newspapers, radio and TV always put out their own veiws and called it objective. The object was to fool the viewers into supporting their positions.

The only reason for journalism is so people can get news they can not observe for themselves. With the internet and its huge bandwidth people can now get their own news. They can, with the internet, report for each other. The media monopoly on information is being removed. The media can no longer keep a secret. Everyone knew JFK has females on the payroll whose sole jobs were to provide him sex. The media hid that from us. But now with the internet the sexual escapades of a Clinton are exposed. The media and its followers hate its loss of control.

What this little girl fails to understand is that the journalists she so admires are going the way of the 45 RPM record. She can lament their passing, but her golden days of media rule are soon to be history.

People are informing each other on web sites like Free Republic. The days of the media elite fooling the public are fast comming to an end. And the spin put out by the main stream media is no longer working.

I suspect this young lady would like to be a media star. The media star days will soon be gone as well. Katie Couric and silent film stars will share a situation. They will both be long forgotten history.

It is over. There is no longer a way to control information. And this litte girl was born 50 years too late.

33 posted on 04/08/2004 8:44:07 PM PDT by Common Tator
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: Willie Green
The problem is that Free Republic allows you to post liberal articles. And, no, I don't just stay at FR. I had an account at DU once (as do most FReepers- come on, you know you do it), but got frustrated that they weren't looking at the facts. Bush was AWOL, forget the facts. A George mag. article proved that they were wrong and they claimed it was right. Plus the fact that I called them morons. And I'd do it again. Does FR keep a page called Top Ten Stupidest Liberals? No. Because it's a tie for number one.
34 posted on 04/10/2004 2:54:23 PM PDT by WinOne4TheGipper (I can't stand it! Just let me vote now!)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: conservatism_IS_compassion
I post alot on Motely Fool boards and the Best Of feature which was supposedly set up to show the Best Posts of the day is merely a bunch of rec-whoring liberal hate speech. 13 out of 25 posts are from a board called "Political Asylum" with subjects like: "Secret Letter to Jack Straw Discovered", "Iraq War a Horrendous Decision", "Zinni bashes Rummy the Dummy", etc. You disagree and try to have an intelligent thoughtful debate and you get the worst vitriol and personal attacks. They increase if you mention you are Christian, have children, drive an SUV, own a gun and vote for Bush. I was quite taken aback at the hatred and innuendo found in those posts--and this is a financial website. After awhile the conservatives give it up and start a new board where they can discuss issues rationally but then the remaining libs lose posters to beat up and migrate to wreck yet another good board.

That is why I come here.


35 posted on 04/16/2004 6:40:16 PM PDT by LuceLu (Intelligent people are always open to new ideas. In fact , they look for them. Proverbs 18:15)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 23 | View Replies]

To: LuceLu
After awhile the conservatives give it up and start a new board where they can discuss issues rationally but then the remaining libs lose posters to beat up and migrate to wreck yet another good board.

That is why I come here.

You come here because FR is moderated.

The decision to moderate is drive by the desire to target the audience rather than allowing gresham's law to degrade the discourse.

Everyone has First Amendment rights on the internet - but not on anyone else's web site. We post within the limits the moderators set, and we do so to communicate with others who are likewise willing to operate within those limits.

Other moderation, or no moderation, appeals to a different audience.

36 posted on 04/17/2004 6:31:42 AM PDT by conservatism_IS_compassion (No one is as subjective as the person who knows he is objective.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 35 | View Replies]

To: conservatism_IS_compassion
A 'good' journalist would truly live up to the codes of journalistic ethics - whereas the profitable journalist pretends to but does not. In effect those codes of ethics tell you what you want to hear - and then the journalist does what helps the bottom line.

IMO: a good description of the Fox Newsertainment Channel.
"we sensationalize; you think you decide"

37 posted on 04/17/2004 7:34:00 PM PDT by solitas (sometimes I lay awake at night looking up at the stars wondering where the heck did the ceiling go?)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 18 | View Replies]

To: solitas
a good description of the Fox Newsertainment Channel. "we sensationalize; you think you decide"
Not in my opinion. Sensationalization is when every little delay on a blitzkrieg to Baghdad is tantamount to the battle of Waterloo. That's the way it was played by Peter Arnet, and that's the way it was played by BBC and most news services.

Whereas FNC has hit on a brilliant strategy for getting the straight skinny - they just listen to the briefings given by the US military, and trust them. Viola! Instant genious! Meanwhile the competition is so busy trying to prove that the military is wrong that they have no chance at all of seeing the truth. Namely, that the military knows better than to lie to the press.


38 posted on 04/17/2004 8:43:41 PM PDT by conservatism_IS_compassion (No one is as subjective as the person who knows he is objective.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 37 | View Replies]

To: conservatism_IS_compassion
So, how does that explain "breaking news" alerts that run most of two days?

Or, Blinky Van Susteren (remember her eyelifts?) still trying to verbally pummel someone into admitting that Michael Jackson killed Laci Peterson because she was going to expose Jon Benet Ramsey as being the love child of Ben & J.Lo who were both accepting hush money from Tuh-REE-suh Heinz Kerry so they wouldn't spill the beans about John Kerry's REALLY driving the car off the Chappaquiddick bridge 'cause Fat TeddyK was too busy in the back seat doin' the humphump with Marty-Lu King who was planning to have BobbyK killed for what he knew about JFK's not being dead but living in Great Falls Montana with Elvis who once dated RosemaryK (as good a reason as any for getting a lobotomy afterward) because her illegitimate step-grandaughter IS Blinky? ::whew::

Or, did you miss that show?

39 posted on 04/17/2004 9:03:22 PM PDT by solitas (sometimes I lay awake at night looking up at the stars wondering where the heck did the ceiling go?)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 38 | View Replies]

To: solitas; Wolverine; TexasTransplant; imintrouble; thesummerwind; Fiddlstix; Teacher317; philetus; ..
did you miss that show?
Yes. I only watch talk shows and avoid the news unless there is serious news coming down, like a war. Even then I understand that "the fog of war" affects the reports. Even Fox will go into a rhapsody over the rescue of Jessica Lynch - will become the Jessica Lynch network - while the actual news is that the military has passed the last apparently defensible position on the way to Baghdad. All networks did that.

But anything but Fox, you'd think no military breifing of the press was ever honest, and you'd think that Baghdad Bob was just as good a source as an eyewitness report by Oliver North. Anything but Fox, and it's the military's fault if it succeeds in reaching the vicinity of the Palestine Hotel and, during a fight, ends up firing a shot into that hotel. Sad for the reporters killed. But then, how arrogant do you have to be to assume that the military will accept casualties to its own people just to protect your own sorry rear after they had warned you of the danger of staying in Baghdad?

Ultimately that's the point - journalists don't think of Republicans, policemen, or soldiers as being people. Let a Hillary Clinton speak of "a vast right-wing conspiracy" and journalism as a profession buys into the demonization of her oppositon without qualification. Socialists are in love with the idea of government and in contempt of society. They love the idea of secular power at the top of government and despise the frail humanity at the bottom of govenment.

Conservatives love society, the bottom of the pyramid where all the risk is taken and all the work is done, and are suspicious of government power and those at the peak of government. Socialists prattle about "society" but, critically, they actually conflate the word "society" with government in general and the President of the United States in particular. And, indeed, socialists prefer the United Nations as their ideal global god -feet of clay notwithstanding, and lack of any pretense of democracy notwithstanding.

Thus a George W. Bush who manifestly loves the troops as human beings is offensive to journalists. Offensive exactly for the human qualities which endear him to conservatives. It does not matter to socialists that in terms of policy George W. Bush is the second coming of John F. Kennedy; journalists loved Clinton precisely because he was a president who loved the president!

Socialists want a president who is contemptuous of those below him, just as they in their fantasy lives consider themselves to be above practical people, and will tolerate and celebrate them only to the extent that they (e.g., Warren Buffet) promote the anti-practical ideal of government as god. The Clinton Administration represented the ideal seperation of responsibility from authority - all the responsibility heaped on the people, all the authority concentrated within the White House. There is only way we-the-people can have divided government, and thus have some connection of responsibilty to authority in government. And that is to have a Republican president - because the fourth branch of government which sets the agenda of political discussion, journalism, is permanently socialist.


40 posted on 04/18/2004 5:22:49 AM PDT by conservatism_IS_compassion (No one is as subjective as the person who knows he is objective.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 39 | View Replies]


Navigation: use the links below to view more comments.
first previous 1-2021-4041-44 next last

Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.

Free Republic
Browse · Search
News/Activism
Topics · Post Article

FreeRepublic, LLC, PO BOX 9771, FRESNO, CA 93794
FreeRepublic.com is powered by software copyright 2000-2008 John Robinson