Replies

Western Envoys Discuss Iran Nuke Deadline
British, French and German Envoys Meet in Tehran to Discuss Oct. 31 Iran Nuke Deadline

The Associated Press
10.21.2003

TEHRAN, Iran Oct. 21 — British, French and German envoys met over breakfast in Tehran Tuesday to map out a strategy for persuading Iran to comply with an Oct. 31 deadline to prove it is not producing only nuclear energy, not weapons.
Britain Foreign Secretary Jack Straw, France's Dominique de Villepin and Germany's Joschka Fischer had a series of meetings with Iranian officials planned after their breakfast at the German ambassador's residence here.

Fischer, speaking to reporters upon his arrival Monday night, said Europe did not want "nuclearization of the region."

"What we want is constructive steps forward," the German envoy said.

Straw, briefing reporters mid-flight from London to Tehran on Monday night, said Iran had "serious obligations" and must work with Mohammed ElBaradei, the head of the United Nations atomic energy watchdog, to allay international concerns.

"The situation is serious," he said, citing an International Atomic Energy Agency resolution passed on Sept. 12 that "imposed very serious obligations on Iran" if it could not, by Oct. 31, prove its contention that its nuclear aims are peaceful.

"Our trip is intended to encourage them to do so," Straw said.

Britain does not expect a breakthrough Tuesday but officials hope the meeting will encourage Tehran to cooperate by divulging its nuclear plans.

Britain, Germany and France have reportedly proposed nuclear energy cooperation with Iran in return for Tehran agreeing to more intrusive nuclear inspections.

The three European ministers are scheduled to meet with Hasan Rowhani, secretary of Iran's powerful Supreme National Security Council, Iranian Foreign Minister Kamal Kharrazi and President Mohammed Khatami.

Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Hamid Reza Asefi reiterated Sunday that Iran does not acknowledge the IAEA deadline. But Asefi signaled progress had been achieved during a visit to Tehran last week by ElBaradei, the atomic agency's head.

The United States and its allies accuse Tehran of working on a secret nuclear weapons program, but Tehran says it is only interested in generating electricity.

Straw had spoken with U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell about Tuesday's meeting. Unlike the U.S. administration, which has characterized Iran as being part of an "axis of evil," London has sought to engage Tehran's hard-line regime. Tuesday's visit was Straw's fifth to Iran since becoming foreign secretary.

Iran is keen to keep the debate about its alleged weapons program from reaching the U.N. Security Council.

If ElBaradei's team does not have answers from Tehran by Oct. 31, the matter could go to the Security Council and pave the way for possible sanctions.

In late June, Britain, France and Germany began discussing the possibility of approaching Iranian officials together, and sent Tehran a joint letter the following month urging the regime to comply with the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, of which it is a signatory.

Tehran extended the three European ministers an invitation in early October, and after a series of discussions, Straw, de Villepin and Fischer accepted the offer Monday.

http://abcnews.go.com/wire/World/ap20031021_113.html

Jamali Cuts Short Iran Visit

October 20, 2003
Sun Network
sunnt.com

Islamabad -- Pakistan Prime Minister Mir Zafarullah Jamali has cut short his visit to Iran by a day, owing to pressing domestic engagements. Jamali, who is scheduled to leave for Tehran tomorrow, would now return on October 22, instead of October 23, official media reported here.

Jamali's visit will focus on bilateral talks with the Iranian leadership, including President Syed Mohammad Khatami and Supreme Iranian Leader Ayatollah Syed Ali Khamnei besides addressing the Pakistani community in Iran, official APP news agency said.

The multi-billion dollar Iran-India gas pipe-line project to be laid through Pakistan was expected to come up for discussions during Jamali's talks with Iranian leaders.

While Pakistan continues to support providing guarantees for the safety of the pipeline project, expected to provide 700 million dollars of royalties every year, the project failed to take off as India evinced little interest in it.

Pakistan and Iran have strained relations in the past, inspite of the fact that both are Islamic countries and close neighbours. Pakistan, a majority Sunni state had differences with Iran, which is predominantly Shia, over Afghanistan.

Also, increasing clashes between Sunni-Shia sectarian extremists groups in Pakistan and the emerging close relations between India and Iran continue to cast a shadow on the ties between Islamabad and Tehran.

http://www.sunnt.com/news/world/world.asp?id=11186

Iran Pledges Transparency on Nuke Program

October 21, 2003
Reuters
Dominic Evans

TEHRAN -- Iran pledged full transparency on its nuclear program on Tuesday as EU foreign ministers pressed Tehran to comply fully with an October 31 U.N. deadline to assure the world it is not developing nuclear weapons.

"We are ready for total transparency because we are not pursuing an illegal program," Iran's Foreign Minister Kamal Kharrazi told reporters following a brief meeting with the foreign ministers of Britain, France and Germany.

Diplomats said the EU ministers would offer Iran some help with developing a civilian nuclear energy program in return for its full cooperation with a tough International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) resolution which set the deadline.

"Naturally our rights should be respected and what's legitimate for us should be respected as well as our dignity and security," said Kharrazi, who described the talks as positive.

The three EU ministers went into talks with Iran's Supreme National Security Council chief Hassan Rohani immediately after the Kharrazi meeting. They were due to meet President Mohammad Khatami later.

"We all respect the rights of any sovereign nation to have a civil nuclear program but at the same time not to be involved in any proliferation activities," UK Foreign Secretary Jack Straw said following the meeting with Kharrazi

Iranian officials, who insist Tehran's nuclear program is for electricity production, have adopted a notably softer tone on the nuclear issue in recent days, and Khatami has even hinted Iran may halt uranium enrichment which Washington says lies at the heart of a covert nuclear arms bid.

SERIOUS PROBLEM

IAEA chief Mohamed ElBaradei has warned that Iran's case may go to the U.N. Security Council if he is unable to verify in his November 20 report that Iran has no intention of building nuclear arms.

"If we can agree today I think this would be an important step forward, if not we have a very serious problem," German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer said after the meeting with Kharrazi.

Diplomats said the EU ministers would demand Iran cooperate fully with the IAEA, accept tougher U.N. inspections and suspend uranium enrichment.

In return, the ministers would offer to recognize Iran's right to a civilian nuclear energy program, give some technical assistance and guarantee Iran's access to imported fuel for nuclear power plants.

The joint initiative signaled much closer cooperation on Iran's nuclear program by the three big European Union powers, whose opinions on the U.S.-led war in Iraq differed markedly.

It was not clear whether their proposal was backed by Washington, which has tended to frown on any deal-making with Iran's clerical leaders.

Newspapers in Iran reflected the deep split in opinion between hard-liners and reformers in the Islamic Republic about the nuclear issue.

The centrist Entekhab newspaper said the ministers' visit "will prepare the way for getting out of the current crisis and will foil the U.S. and Zionist regimes' pressures."

But the hardline Jomhuri-ye Eslami newspaper called the reformist Khatami government's cooperation with the IAEA naive.

"Who doesn't know that the IAEA is a tool and that the main decision-makers are the Americans?...Are the American government and little Mr. Bush reliable?" it asked in a front-page editorial. (Additional reporting by Parisa Hafezi and Christian Oliver)

http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=worldNews&storyID=3653323

Iran Ranks 161 Out Of 166 in World Press Freedom Ranking

October 20, 2003
Reporters Without Borders
RSF

Reporters Without Borders is publishing its second world press freedom ranking. As in 2002, the most catastrophic situation is to be found in Asia, especially North Korea, Burma and Laos.

Second from last in the ranking, Cuba is today the world's biggest prison for journalists. The United States and Italy were given relatively low rankings.

Reporters Without Borders today publishes its second world press freedom ranking. Like last year, the most catastrophic situation is to found in Asia, with eight countries in the bottom ten : North Korea, Burma, Laos, China, Iran, Vietnam, Turkmenistan and Bhutan. Independent news media are either non-existent in these countries, or are constantly repressed by the authorities. Journalists there work in extremely difficult conditions, with no freedom and no security. A number of them are imprisoned in Burma, China and Iran.

Cuba is in 165th position, second from last. Twenty-six independent journalists were arrested in the spring of 2003 and sentenced to prison terms ranging from 14 to 27 years, making Cuba the world's biggest prison for journalists. They were accused of writing articles for publication abroad that played into the hands of "imperialist interests." Eritrea, in 162nd position, has the worst situation in Africa. Privately-owned news media have been banned there for the past two years and 14 journalists are being held in undisclosed locations.

To compile this ranking, Reporters Without Borders asked journalists, researchers, jurists and human rights activists to fill out a questionnaire evaluating respect for press freedom in a particular country. A total of 166 countries are included in the ranking (as against 139 last year). The other countries were left out because of a lack of reliable, well-supported data.

Wealth and press freedom don't always go togetherAs in 2002, the ranking shows that a country's respect for press freedom is not solely linked to its economic development. The top 50 include countries that are among the poorest in the world, such as Benin (29th position), Timor-Leste (30th) and Madagascar (46th).

Conversely, the 50 countries that respect press freedom least include such rich nations as Bahrain (117th) and Singapore (144th).

Special situation of the United States and Israel The ranking distinguishes behaviour at home and abroad in the cases of the United States and Israel. They are ranked in 31st and 44th positions respectively as regards respect for freedom of expression on their own territory, but they fall to the 135th and 146th positions as regards behaviour beyond their borders.

The Israeli army's repeated abuses against journalists in the occupied territories and the US army's responsibility in the death of several reporters during the war in Iraq constitute unacceptable behaviour by two nations that never stop stressing their commitment to freedom of expression.

General deterioration in the Arab world The war in Iraq played a major role in an increased crackdown on the press by the Arab regimes. Concerned about maintaining their image and facing public opinion largely opposed to the war, they stepped up control of the press and increased pressure on journalists, who are forced to use self-censorship.

Kuwait (102nd) replaced Lebanon (106th) as the Arab world's leader as regards respect for freedom of expression because of cases of censorship in Lebanon, together with abusive judicial proceedings and an attack on the television station Futur TV. Saudi Arabia (156th), Syria (155th), Libya (153rd) and Oman (152nd) used all the means at their disposal to prevent the emergence of a free and independent press.

In Morocco (131st), the hopes pinned on Mohammed VI when he became king in July 1999 have been dashed. Independent newspapers are still subject to constant harassment from the authorities. Ali Lmrabet, the publisher and editor of two satirical weeklies, was sentenced in June 2003 to three years in prison for "insulting the person of the king" because of articles and cartoons touching on taboo subjects.

European Union gets good rankings, except Italy and Spain Italy received a poor ranking (53rd) compared with the other European Union countries for the second year running. Silvio Berlusconi's conflict of interests as head of government and owner of a media empire is still unresolved. Furthermore, a draft law to reform radio and TV broadcasting, tailored to Berlusconi's interests, is likely to increase the threats to news diversity in Italy.

Spain's relatively low ranking (42nd) is due to difficulties for journalists in the Basque country. The terrorist organisation ETA has stepped up its threats against the news media, promising to target journalists whose coverage does not match its view of the situation. Furthermore, the necessary fight against terrorism has affected press freedom, with the forced closure as a "preventive measure" of the Basque newspaper Egunkaria, whose senior staff are suspected of collaborating with ETA.

France is ranked as low as 26th because of its archaic defamation legislation, the increasingly frequent challenges to the principle of confidentiality of sources and the repeated abusive detention of journalists by police.

Former USSR still lags behind The situation remains worrying in Russia (148th), Ukraine (132nd) and Belarus (151st). A truly independent press exists in Russia, but Russia's poor ranking is justified by the censorship of anything to do with the war in Chechnya, several murders and the recent abduction of the Agence France-Presse correspondent in Ingushetia. Russia continues to be one of the world's deadliest countries for journalists.

Press freedom is virtually non-existent in much of central Asia, especially Turkmenistan (158th) and Uzbekistan (154th). No criticism of the authorities is tolerated.

Non-state violence Several countries with a democratically-elected government and a free and independent press have poor rankings. This is most notably the case with Bangladesh (143rd), Colombia (147th) and Philippines (118th). Journalists in these countries are the victims of violence that comes not only from the state but also from political parties, criminal gangs or guerrilla groups. In other cases, such as Nepal (150th), the press is caught in the cross fire between security forces and rebels.

Such violence results in considerable self-censorship by the news media, which do not dare to broach such subjects as corruption, collusion between political leaders and organised crime, or sectarian clashes. At the same time, the authorities very often fail to respond to this violence with the appropriate measures, namely protection for journalists and the punishment of those responsible.

News is the victim of war in Africa Wars and serious political crises have inevitably had an impact on press freedom in Africa. The three countries that have fallen most in the ranking in the past 12 months are Côte d'Ivoire (137th), Liberia (132nd) and Guinea-Bissau (118th). Local and foreign journalists were exposed to the violence of the warring parties in Côte d'Ivoire and Liberia, while the military closed down news media in Guinea-Bissau.

http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247

Europeans Seek Arms Accord in Tehran

October 21, 2003
The Washington Post
Glenn Frankel and Keith B. Richburg

TEHRAN -- The foreign ministers of France, Germany and Britain flew to Iran on Monday, seeking a commitment from the Islamic state to suspend uranium enrichment and accept tough new inspections of its nuclear facilities. In return, Iran would get European help in developing a civilian nuclear energy program.

The ministers were to meet with President Mohammad Khatami later Tuesday to try to break an impasse over Iran's refusal to comply with similar demands from the International Atomic Energy Agency, the U.N. nuclear watchdog.

Some European and Iranian officials were optimistic Tuesday that the ministers would reach a formal accord in Tehran, 10 days before an IAEA deadline to meet its demands or have the matter referred to the U.N. Security Council. "I don't know if it's 100 percent yet, but it should be finalized tomorrow, most probably, in the presence of the three ministers," a European Union diplomat in Brussels who is close to the talks said Monday.

But other European diplomats stressed that no agreement had been struck and said Iran would be particularly reluctant to give up fuel enrichment. One characterized the meeting as a "fairly high-risk enterprise."

Tensions between Iran and the West have risen over suspicions that spending on large-scale nuclear facilities masks a weapons program. Last year, President Bush publicly labeled the country part of an "axis of evil" for trying to acquire weapons of mass destruction. The Iranian government denies it is developing nuclear weapons and says its programs are aimed at generating electrical power.

The European foreign ministers -- Dominique de Villepin of France, Joschka Fischer of Germany and Jack Straw of Britain -- plan to make three demands of Iran, all of them echoing conditions that the IAEA set down at a board meeting on Sept. 12, according to European officials: They want Iran to agree to fully disclose all information about its nuclear facilities, accept a new and more stringent inspection system, and suspend its program to enrich and process nuclear fuel that experts fear could be used in weapons.

European officials said the Iranians appeared to agree to the first two conditions in recent meetings with the head of the IAEA, Mohamed ElBaradei, and senior European diplomats. But the third demand would be much harder for the Iranians to accept, they said. "Getting the Iranians to stop completely, after all they've invested, will be very difficult," said one Europe-based official familiar with the issue.

Ultimately, European officials said, they want Iran to agree to give up developing fissile material of any kind and to dismantle its nuclear fuel development program. In return, the Europeans would promise to sell Iran enough fuel to develop its civilian nuclear energy program, while ensuring that the fuel could not be used to develop weapons.

The three foreign ministers first floated this proposal in a joint letter to the Iranians in August, and their diplomats reiterated it last week in discussions in Tehran. The Iranians "didn't say yes and they didn't say no," said a senior European official.

Iranian officials have made clear in previous meetings that they want to keep the matter in the hands of the IAEA and not have it referred to the Security Council, where they fear that the United States would push for punitive sanctions.

The Tehran trip marks the first joint diplomatic venture by Britain, France and Germany since the Iraq war, when Britain sided with the United States, and France and Germany opposed it. The foreign ministers discussed their trip with their U.S. counterpart, Secretary of State Colin L. Powell, but did not ask for or receive American approval, one European official said.

The United States and Europe have jointly warned of the proliferation threat a nuclear-armed Iran would represent. But an EU diplomat said the prospect of an agreement in Tehran vindicated the European policy of remaining engaged with the country's government. "We have diplomatic relations with Iran, which the Americans do not, so we can engage in all levels -- politically, diplomatically, economically," the diplomat said. "It's a real success for our engagement policy instead of the American confrontation policy."

Britain's Straw has made five trips to Tehran in the past two years.

"The United States itself is not prepared to engage in any negotiation with Iran," said Gary Samore, a nuclear proliferation expert with the London-based International Institute of Strategic Studies. "But I think the U.S. is happy to have the Europeans try to do it. It's sort of a good-cop, bad-cop."

During their stay here, the ministers will also meet with Foreign Minister Kamal Kharrazi and Hassan Rouhani, secretary of the Supreme National Security Council and a key figure in military affairs.

The Iranian government has voiced positive signals in the last two days, since holding talks Friday with ElBaradei. On Monday, one Iranian oil official was quoted by Randa Takieddine, a reporter with the London-based Al Hayat newspaper, as saying that Iran would sign a deal when the three foreign ministers arrived in Tehran.

Over the weekend, Khatami also sounded optimistic, telling reporters in Tehran, "We will do what is necessary to solve the problems, and in return we're expecting our rights to be preserved, which is [the right] to have nuclear technology."

Diplomats and analysts said dropping the uranium enrichment program would be particularly tough for Khatami, a reformist who is often at odds with conservative clerics. But making a deal with the Europeans rather than the Americans would be a politically acceptable way to back off while preserving Iran's nuclear technology ambitions, they said.

Some analysts said conservative forces in Iran also feared that the United States could use the IAEA inspections as cover for espionage, and that inspectors would make "incessant demands" that would impinge on Iranian sovereignty.

The European initiative essentially bypassed the IAEA, which has been trying since February to persuade Iran to disclose its nuclear secrets. On Thursday, when ElBaradei arrived in Tehran for high-level talks on nuclear issues, advance teams from the three European countries were already at work in the Iranian capital.

ElBaradei was briefed on the initiative the same day, and he expressed general support for what the Europeans were attempting, officials with the U.N. agency said.

Russia is now the main supplier of nuclear technology to Iran, and one European official, speaking on condition of anonymity, said the IAEA did not consider Russia "100 percent reliable" in enforcing safeguards against proliferation. If France, Germany and Britain replaced Russia, this official said, the IAEA could be more certain that technology would not be illicitly used for arms production. "If we Europeans could be the supplier, that totally changes the equation," this official said.

Richburg reported from Paris. Staff writer Joby Warrick in Washington contributed to this report.

http://iranvajahan.net/cgi-bin/news.pl?l=en&y=2003&m=10&d=21&a=6

Iran ''Suspends' Uranium Enrichment

October 21, 2003
BBC News
BBCi

A major breakthrough has been reported in talks over Iran's controversial nuclear programme. Diplomats quoted by international news agencies say the Iranian Government has agreed to suspend the enrichment of uranium and sign an additional protocol to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).

The development came as European foreign ministers held meetings in Tehran on ways of defusing the crisis over Iran's alleged nuclear programme.

Earlier, Iran's Foreign Minister Kamal Kharrazi promised "total transparency" on the issue.

As well as meeting Mr Kharrazi, the EU ministers held talks with the head of the Supreme National Security Council, Hassan Rohani - a meeting seen as crucial.

The European ministers were expected to offer to help Iran have access to technology for peaceful nuclear energy production if it meets International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) demands for tougher inspections of its facilities.

Germany's Joschka Fischer said it was a question of trust and transparency and had warned of a "serious problem" if Tuesday's talks did not succeed.

The Vienna-based IAEA has given Iran until the 31 October to provide evidence that it is not trying to build nuclear weapons.

The BBC's Tehran correspondent Jim Muir says the three European ministers clearly would not risk such a high-profile visit unless a large measure of understanding had been reached in advance.

Iran insists that its nuclear programme - which includes uranium-enrichment activities - is designed to meet its energy needs only.

Quid pro quo?

Iranian President Mohammad Khatami is scheduled to meet Mr Fischer and his British and French counterparts - Jack Straw and Dominique de Villepin - later on Tuesday.

After meeting the ministers, Mr Kharrazi said his country was ready for "total transparency because we are not pursuing an illegal programme".

But, he insisted, "what's legitimate for us should be respected as well as our dignity and security" - a reference to Iran's stated ambition of generating its own nuclear power.

And Mr Fischer spoke of "a crucial moment in the international situation".

"It is a question of trust and transparency. If we can agree today it would be a step forward, if not we have a very serious problem," Mr Fischer told reporters.

Behind the scenes

The European initiative is part of a larger package being spearheaded by the IAEA, which has called on Iran to accept tougher UN inspections by signing an additional protocol to the NPT.

According to diplomats, France, Germany and the UK have been engaged in a secretive effort to convince Iran to sign the protocol - which allows for snap inspections of nuclear facilities by the IAEA.

The agency is also seeking clarification on traces of highly enriched uranium found in samples taken by its inspectors at an Iranian nuclear facility earlier this year.

Iran insists the traces were the result of contamination on imported equipment.

The three EU countries are believed to have offered technical assistance to Iran in exchange for its co-operation.

However, diplomats have said that not all outstanding issues had been resolved ahead of the talks.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3210574.stm

Iran Confident Israel Will Not Attack Nuclear Sites

October 21, 2003
AFP
IranMania

TEHRAN -- Iran asserted Tuesday it is unrattled by speculation that Israel could carry out pre-emptive military strikes against its nuclear facilities, saying such an attack would inflict little damage.

"I do not believe such threats are serious, since Israel is aware that it is not the facilities and buildings that matter, but the technical know-how and scientific achievements," foreign ministry spokesman Hamid Reza Asefi was quoted as saying by the official IRNA news agency.

"Logically speaking, such an attack can be ruled out. But practically, too, Israel knows that Iran's power will not diminish with such an attack, and therefore such bullying is merely part of a political and psychological campaign -- unless they decide to act foolishly," he said.

Like the United States, Israel accuses Iran -- which officially calls for the abolition of the Jewish state -- of using a civil atomic energy programme as a cover to develop nuclear weapons.

Germany's Der Spiegel magazine claimed in its October 13 edition that a special unit of Israel's spy agency Mossad received orders two months ago to prepare plans for strikes on half-a-dozen targets in Iran suspected of being used to prepare nuclear weapons.

In 1981 Israel bombed the Osirak nuclear power station near Baghdad, smashing former Iraqi president Saddam Hussein's nuclear programme.

http://www.iranmania.com/News/ArticleView/Default.asp?NewsCode=18851&NewsKind=Current%20Affairs

EU Leaders in Iran Nuclear Talks

October 21, 2003
CNN.com
CNN

British, French and German foreign ministers indicated after talks in Iran they are hopeful of making progress on Iran's need to comply with a U.N. deadline for proving it is not producing nuclear weapons.

Britain's Foreign Secretary Jack Straw, France's Dominique de Villepin and Germany's Joschka Fischer flew late Monday to Tehran to discuss the October 31 deadline set by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for Iran to prove it does not have a secret nuclear weapons program.

The United States strongly suspects it does have one. Iranian officials insist Tehran's nuclear program is geared solely to electricity production.

"It is a crucial moment in the international situation," Germany's Joschka Fischer told reporters after the Europeans met their Iranian counterpart Kamal Kharrazi.

"It is a question of trust and transparency. If we can agree today, I think this will be an important step forward."

Responding to Iran's assertion it has the right to produce electricity from nuclear sources, British Foreign Secretary Jack Straw said: "We respect the right of a sovereign nation to have a civil nuclear program, but not to be involved in any nuclear proliferation program."

The three are due to meet President Mohammad Khatami and Supreme National Security Council chief Hassan Rohani later.

Diplomats said the EU ministers would offer Iran some help with developing a civilian nuclear energy program in return for its full cooperation with an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) resolution which set the October 31 deadline.

Observers say Iran has adopted a notably softer tone on the nuclear issue in recent days, and Khatami has even hinted Iran may halt uranium enrichment which Washington says may be behind a covert nuclear arms bid.

"We've got signals from Tehran but as a diplomat I have to see the reality," Fischer told reporters on arrival in Tehran late on Monday.

"What we want is constructive steps forward. We do not want nuclearisation of the region," he said.

IAEA chief Mohamed ElBaradei has warned that Iran's case may go to the U.N. Security Council if he is unable to verify in his November 20 report that Iran has no intention of building nuclear arms.

Diplomats said the EU ministers would demand Iran cooperate fully with the IAEA, accept tougher U.N. inspections and suspend uranium enrichment.

In return, the ministers would offer to recognise Iran's right to a civilian nuclear energy program, give some technical assistance and guarantee Iran's access to imported fuel for nuclear power plants.

http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/10/21/iran.nuclear/index.html

OBSCENE EXCUSES

By AMIR TAHERI

October 21, 2003 -- THIS was to be his political swan song, and he had spent weeks composing it. Yet when Dr. Mahathir Mohamed, who will retire as Malaysia's prime minister next month, addressed the 10th Islamic summit last week, he offered a reheated hodgepodge of the bizarre fare that he has dished out over a 40-year career.
Many have seen Mahathir's speech as an insult to Jews. A closer reading would show that he was insulting Muslims and Christians more than Jews.

Here is part of what Mahathir said: "The Europeans killed six million out of 12 million, but today the Jews rule the world by proxy." This means that all Europeans, not just Nazis, were involved in the Holocaust. It also means that the Europeans are not intelligent enough to prevent a small Jewish community from ruling them.

Mahathir presents the Jews as "a people who think" - unlike Christians and Muslims, whom he regards as too dumb to use their heads. He says the "thinking people" have managed to get "others to fight and die for them. He adds: "Israelis and Jews control most of the economy and the media in the world."

As the world enjoys a level of prosperity not dreamed of even a generation ago, plus unprecedented access to information, Mahathir's claim, if true, would amount to a compliment to "Israelis and Jews."

He says Jews "invented socialism, communism, human rights and democracy so that persecuting them would appear to be wrong, so that they can enjoy equal rights with others." In other words, the idea that all human beings have inalienable rights, and that people should be free to choose their governments, are "Jewish tricks."

Christians? At his party's conference last June, he claimed that "European culture" had become "a menace for mankind." "The Europeans are determined to impose a global culture that includes the practice of free sex, especially sodomy. Marriage between male and male, female and female are officially recognized by them. They no longer regard incest as a sin."

If the goal of Jews is to impose human rights and democracy throughout the world, the goal of Christians is to spread sodomy and incest.

Yet Muslims were the main target of Mahathir's vitriol. Inflating their number to 1.3 billion, he lamented that they fail to "deal with" a few million Jews, whatever that means. He claimed that Muslims, though holding assets worth $3 trillion, play virtually no role in global decision-making.

Because Mahathir did not say why Muslims were powerless, one must assume that he believes Muslims lack the "intelligence" of the Jews.

Mahathir received a standing ovation from the leaders of the 57 countries present at the Muslim summit. They did not notice that the doctor was insulting Muslims.

The good doctor was offering a new version of the old delusion that what has gone wrong with Muslims is the fault of others. In the 1950s and 1960s, Muslim leftists blamed everything on Western Imperialism. From the 1970s, the Islamists chose the left as their punching bag. The finger of blame has been pointed at colonialists, multinationals, missionaries, Communists, liberals, religious and/or ethnic minorities, middle classes and even poor Orientalists.

By blaming others, Mahathir and his predecessors in this game absolve Muslim leaders of responsibility. They also divest Muslims of their humanity, turning them into witless pawns in a game played by others.

With his speech, Mahathir did great harm to the cause of those who believe that, as an existential reality, Islam needs to be subjected to serious critical reexamination.

Mahathir's "us-and-them" dialectics belongs to a tribal mentality that has no place in the modern world. He forgets that the Iran-Iraq war, in which a million people died, was not an "us-and-them" conflict. Nor was it "the other" who tried to wipe Kuwait off the map in 1990.

Are Jews raiding Algerian villages at night to massacre entire families, including babies?

Are Jews murdering thousands of Muslim women each year in the name of "honor-killing"?

Are Jews throwing acid at girls who do not wear the hijab?

Is it "the other" who has arranged for Muslim countries to have almost half of all political prisoners in the world?

And who is carrying out those thousands of executions, sometimes by chopping people's heads in public or stoning them to death?

Are Jews preventing Muslims from choosing their governments in free elections? Are they arranging those elections in which government candidates always win with 99.99 percent of the votes?

Are Jews controlling the economies of the Muslim nations - or should we look to our own ruling elites, whose greed knows no bound? People often talk of the need for the separation of mosque and state in Muslim countries. A more urgent need is the separation of business from government.

Mahathir says Jews have persuaded others to fight and die for them. Who does he mean by "others"? If he means the West, let us not forget that Americans and Europeans fought and died to save the Muslim peoples of Bosnia and Kosovo from extermination. Not a single Muslim state provided any help.

Yet who was getting a hero's welcome at the Muslim summit? The Russian President Vladimir Putin, who publicly takes pride in having flushed Chechen Muslims "down the toilet."

During years of war, Putin's army has killed more than 100,000 Chechens and turned a further 300,000 into refugees. That is almost half the Chechen population. Yet Russia was admitted as associate member of the Organization of the Islamic Conference, where Putin received a hero's welcome. Yet the same group refuses to admit India - which has more Muslims than all the Arab countries combined.

Mahathir presented Palestine as a religious conflict. He did not apply the same logic to Chechnya, Kashmir, Mindanao, Burma, Cyprus and East Turkestan, among the many places where Muslims are in conflict with non-Muslims.

The logic of Mahathir's position is that Muslim Cypriots, Chechens and the rest are not as worthy as Palestinians. And yet the number of Muslims killed in those conflicts is many times higher than the total victims of all Arab-Israeli wars.

The question is not what others have done to us in the past, but what we are doing to ourselves right now. And what we are doing to ourselves includes the pack of lies and prejudices that Mahathir is presenting as a world vision fit for Muslims in the 21st century.

E-mail: amirtaheri@benadorassociates.com

http://www.nypost.com/postopinion/opedcolumnists/8601.htm

Turkish Troops Kill Kurdish Rebel In Clash On Iran Border

October 21, 2003
Dow Jones Newswires
The Associated Press

ANKARA -- Turkish soldiers intercepted 20 Kurdish rebels early Tuesday as they attempted to sneak into Turkey from Iran, killing one guerrilla, the Anatolia news agency reported.

Turkish border patrols, using thermal cameras, detected the group near the border town of Caldiran as they sneaked into the country. The troops opened fire after the guerrillas refused to heed calls to surrender, killing one, the agency said. The rest of the guerrillas fled.

No military casualties were reported.

The rebels belonged to the Kurdistan Workers' Party, or PKK, which now goes by the name KADEK. The group fought a 15-year war for autonomy in southeastern Turkey. The fighting has claimed the lives of some 37,000 people.

Fighting has died down since 1999, when guerrilla leader Abdullah Ocalan was captured, but there has been a recent increase in clashes.

In a separate incident Tuesday in central Turkey, Turkish soldiers killed two leftist militants from the outlawed Marxist group, the Revolutionary People's Liberation Party-Front, or DHKP-C. One soldier was wounded in the clash near the central Anatolian town of Corum, Anatolia said.

The group, has carried out numerous bombings and armed attacks in Turkey with the aim of toppling the government and replacing it with a Marxist one.

http://framehosting.dowjonesnews.com/sample/samplestory.asp?StoryID=2003102113060003&Take=1

Iran Nearing Nuclear Self-sufficiency

October 21, 2003
The Associated Press
Jerusalem Post

Iran will be able to produce its own nuclear weapons without outside help within a year if it completes its uranium enrichment program, the head of Israeli military intelligence said Tuesday.

An Iranian security official said Tuesday that Iran would suspend uranium enrichment and allow spot checks of a nuclear program it insists is peaceful, but he did not say when the suspension would begin or how long it would last.

Israeli officials charge that Iran is covertly acquiring nuclear arms know-how, at least some of it from countries of the former Soviet Union.

The Israeli military intelligence chief, Maj. Gen. Aharon Zeevi-Farkash, told the Israeli parliament's Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee that Iran is definitely working toward nuclear arms capability and will soon no longer need to seek help abroad.

"By the summer of 2004, Iran will have reached the point of no return in its attempts to develop nuclear weapons," a parliamentary official quoted Zeevi-Farkash as telling the committee.

The foreign ministers of Britain, France and Germany met Iran's President Mohammad Khatami on Tuesday to press him to meet an Oct. 31 deadline set by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to prove Iran does not have a nuclear weapons program.

Israeli Foreign Minister Silvan Shalom was to fly to Germany Tuesday evening for talks with German officials, during which he would restate Israel's concerns about Iran's nuclear ambitions.

The United States strongly suspects Iran has a weapons program, and Washington has been lobbying fellow members of the IAEA board to declare the country in breach of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.

If Iran fails to satisfy the IAEA, the U.N.-sponsored agency is expected to refer the matter to the U.N. Security Council, which could impose sanctions.

http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1066715112601&p=1008596981749

Iran Nuclear Back Down

October 21, 2003
Reuters
Parisa Hafezi and Dominic Evans

Iran has agreed to snap inspections of its nuclear sites and to freeze uranium enrichment in what visiting EU foreign ministers have hailed as a promising start to removing doubts about Tehran's atomic aims.

But a senior Iranian official said on Tuesday Tehran would only halt uranium enrichment -- seen by Washington as the core of a possible bid for nuclear arms -- for as long as it saw fit.

British, French and German foreign ministers, who flew to Tehran with a carrot and stick approach aimed at convincing Iran to comply with an October 31 U.N. deadline to prove it has no atomic bomb ambitions, greeted the agreement as an important step forward rather than a breakthrough.

"It's been an important day's work but you can only judge its significance in time and through implementation," British Foreign Secretary Jack Straw told reporters just before leaving the country after a series talks with Iranian officials.

The three European Union countries, taking a different approach to Washington's more inflexible stance towards Iran, recognised Iran's right to develop a nuclear energy programme and held out the prospect of technical help with it in future.

SIGN PROTOCOL BY NOVEMBER 20

Iran's Supreme National Security Council chief said Tehran would probably sign the Additional Protocol to the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) on virtually unfettered, snap inspections before the November 20 meeting of the International Atomic Energy Agency board.

According to the declaration agreed on in Tehran, Iran also agreed to implement the protocol before it has been ratified.

But Rohani was non-committal on how long Iran would maintain the freeze on uranium enrichment activities.

"It could last for one day or one year, it depends on us," he said. "As long as Iran thinks that this suspension is beneficial for us it will continue and whenever we don't want it we will end it."

Enriched uranium can be used to fuel reactors but if enriched further, can be used in warheads.

The IAEA has found arms-grade enriched uranium at two facilities in Iran this year. Iran blames the findings on contamination from parts it bought abroad on the black market.

Experts said the Tehran agreement, while a positive step, did not mean Iran was in the clear.

"Iran is responding and I think it calls for the U.S. to at least rethink its isolationist policy for Iran," former U.N. weapons inspector David Albright told Reuters.

But he added: "A freeze is good, but what we need is a halt to the uranium enrichment programme if there is going to be a solution to this crisis," said Albright, now president of the Institute for Science and International Security.

AN IMPORTANT DAY

French Foreign Minister Dominique de Villepin told a news conference: "We have achieved this morning important progress and we found a basis for agreement on the three pending issues."

These were: immediate signature and early implementation of additional protocol; full cooperation with the IAEA and suspension of all uranium enrichment.

According to the Tehran declaration, the EU ministers in turn recognised Iran's right to develop a civilian nuclear energy programme and held out the prospect of "easier access to modern technology and supplies in a range of areas".

German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer said: "This is an important day... This agreement is opening a serious process to resolve the nuclear issue between Iran and the international community."

But a Western diplomat in Vienna said it might not be enough to prevent a negative report by IAEA chief Mohamed ElBaradei in November. "This doesn't mean it's over by a long shot," he said.

ElBaradei has warned Iran's case could be sent to the U.N. Security Council if he cannot verify by November that Tehran has no secret nuclear arms programme.

In a sign that Tuesday's agreement will not meet with universal acceptance in Iran, where hardliners accuse the IAEA of being Washington's puppet, nearly 100 students gathered outside the palace complex where the meetings took place.

"Shame on your hypocrisy, imperialist ambassadors," read one banner, while a poster called on Iran to follow North Korea's example and pull out of the nuclear NPT altogether.

http://www.reuters.co.uk/newsPackageArticle.jhtml?type=worldNews&storyID=391666&section=news

Iran Defuses Nuclear Crisis - For Now

October 21, 2003
Mark Trevelyan
Reuters

Iran has defused the immediate crisis over its nuclear ambitions but is far from laying to rest U.S. concerns that it could build the bomb some time in the future.

In a deal with the foreign ministers of Britain, France and Germany, Tehran said on Tuesday it would accept intrusive, short-notice inspection of nuclear sites and suspend production of enriched uranium which is needed to make atomic weapons.

In return, it won the prospect of access to Western technology and supplies -- something it has long sought -- to help it develop a civilian nuclear energy programme.

And it held onto a strong bargaining chip by making clear it could resume the enrichment programme whenever it liked.

''The statement is not a deal that ends Iran's nuclear programme. It's a deal that strengthens safeguards, and it suspends the enrichment programme, but it's only a partial measure in the sense that Iran has not agreed to give up the enrichment programme,'' said Gary Samore of the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London.

''This will not be enough to satisfy the United States. It will be enough to buy time,'' said Rosemary Hollis of the Royal Institute for International Affairs.

The White House gave an initial cautious welcome to Iran's suspension of its uranium enrichment programme.

But diplomatic and security analysts said it would be less happy about the offer of technical help for a civilian nuclear programme in a country that President George W. Bush last year branded alongside Iraq and North Korea as part of an ''axis of evil.''

On the other hand, Washington was unlikely to stand in the way of Tuesday's deal because there were no better options available right now.

''I would bet the United States will complain about this bargain, but will not do anything very actively trying to prevent it,'' said Gary Sick of Columbia University in New York, a former White House Iran policy chief.

''The bottom line could be very, very helpful. Let's say if Germany, France or Great Britain provide some nuclear technology to Iran -- they would be in a position to monitor it and to make sure how it was used.''

Sick noted Washington would more readily trust its European allies to carry out this monitoring than it would trust Russia, whose help in constructing a new Iranian reactor has periodically strained ties with the Bush administration.

DOES IRAN WANT THE BOMB?

The analysts said that whether or not Iran had secretly decided to go ahead and develop a nuclear weapon, its actions to date -- including Tuesday's agreement -- were designed to keep that option open.

''They see developing some sort of (weapons) capability as in the national interest, ultimately, and have yet to be convinced that it isn't. They want to keep that option open to them,'' Hollis said.

''Ultimately they don't see any reason why they shouldn't have a nuclear weapons capability, especially since they see what's happened to North Korea: once you have it, all sorts of negotiations are possible and (U.S.) military action is less likely.''

Tuesday's announcement relaxed the tension surrounding an October 31 deadline by which Iran was to deliver proof to the International Atomic Energy Agency that its nuclear programme was peaceful.

Analysts said the IAEA board of governors may now give Tehran more time to deliver on its pledges, but some were concerned that the process of ratifying the accord could drag on for ages in the Iranian parliament.

And they noted that the United States is no closer to its objective of getting Iran to give up its uranium enrichment programme altogether.

''A freeze is good, but what we need is a halt to the uranium enrichment programme if there is going to be a solution to this crisis,'' said David Albright, head of the U.S.-based Institute for Science and International Security.

(Additional reporting by Louis Charbonneau)

http://famulus.msnbc.com/FamulusIntl/reuters10-21-094655.asp?reg=MIDEAST

Iran Bows to Europe Over Nuclear Crisis

October 21, 2003
Independent
Angus McDowall

Iran has agreed to more intrusive nuclear checks and to freeze its uranium enrichment programme in an important concession to the foreign ministers of Britain, France and Germany.

Jack Straw, Dominique de Villepin and Joschka Fischer persuaded Iran's hardline clerics to sign a protocol opening its nuclear programme to the outside world. The agreement means Iran has averted the threat of action by the United Nations, which was seen as a possibility if it failed to prove by the end of this month that it is not trying to build nuclear weapons.

In a joint statement after the meeting, the foreign ministers said the immediate situation could be resolved by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) board.

The White House, which has accused Iran of developing a secret nuclear weapons programme, said the move could be a "positive step". Scott McClellan, the White House spokesman, said: "What's most important is that Iran fully comply and now implement what they've committed to." The IAEA also said the decision was encouraging.

But Iran left itself the option of resuming uranium enrichment at any time. Hassan Rohani, head of the Supreme National Security Council, said: "We believe that stopping enriching uranium is totally unacceptable and we think nobody agrees with that in Iran." In return for its concessions, Iran is expected to gain access to European civilian nuclear technology. Although the statement said Iran would find access to technology easier after it complied with an additional protocol to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, which processes would be made available was not known.

But there is speculation that uranium could be enriched under international supervision. Fuel security is a key issue for Iran, which has been working to arrange a supply agreement with Russia.

The deal has been presented as a way of allowing Iran to sign the protocol without surrendering its sovereignty. In the past, Tehran has expressed fears that hostile powers could use the new system of checks to discover its military secrets.

"The protocol should not threaten our national security, national interests and national pride," said Dr Rohani.

Dr Rohani's key role in the negotiations shows that the decision to comply with the UN comes from the top of Iran's hardline élite. The three EU ministers later met President Mohammad Khatami and Kamal Kharrazi, the Foreign Affairs Minister.

The three European countries have been publicly pressing Iran to agree to UN demands while privately negotiating a way out of the deadlock. Their success is seen in Iran as a victory for Europe's critical engagement over the more aggressive stance employed by America. M. De Villepin said: "It is an important day for Europe because we are dealing here with a major issue. We are talking about proliferation, which as everyone knows, is a huge challenge to the world community."

The IAEA will expect Iran to provide answers to all its questions on nuclear facilities by 31 October. Mr Rohani also said Iran has been complying with the additional protocol in practice for the past month and would continue to comply. The protocol would be ratified by the Iranian parliament.

Mr Straw said: "The proof of the value of today will depend not just on the words in the communiqué ... but above all on the implementation of what has been agreed."

Not all Iranians are happy to see the crisis defused. Small numbers of students representing right-wing Islamic groups demonstrated outside the Foreign Ministry Conference Hall where the meeting was held yesterday. They may reflect the isolationist instincts of Iran's clerical leadership but on yesterday's evidence a more pragmatic approach carried the day.

http://news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/story.jsp?story=455855