Church accrued the name "Catholic" (catolikos) in response to many other people claiming to be Christians. It became necessary to differentiate orthodox Christianity from the various sects and heresies that were (and have been since her founding in 33AD) springing up. It means "universal."
Roman Catholic was a term that originally was used pejoratively, by Anglicans, to denote those Christians who remained in union with the Bishop of Rome, as opposed to those who split off under the reign of King Henry VIII (who were called "Anglican Catholics").
Roman Catholic is not an official name of the Catholic Church. Over time it has become understood to connote those who remain loyal and obedient to the Bishop of Rome, but if you check "Roman" Catholic church documents, they are always addressed to "The Catholic Church." (Even the catechism is called "The Catechism of the Catholic Church.")
There are different "rites" within the Catholic Church -- Latin and Byzantine, to name 2 of the more familiar ones. I'm sure there are others, but I'm not familiar with other rites besides the Latin. However, all these rites are still in union with Rome.
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Anyway, I'm still waiting for you to provide me with more information on those exerpts from Augustine -- have you missed my previous 2 messages where I requested them? If so, not to worry -- just a reminder. Thanks ahead of time.
P2BA, where did you find this bit of history, I just checked the Catholic Encyclopedia, and the earliest date they give for the words "Catholic Church" are around 110AD, and they had to use the epistles of Ignatius to find it then.
Ignatius was credited with 15 epistles, of which 8 of them were obvious frauds, and the seven that were left were known to have interpolations in them, which would probably explain why this strange phrase turned up where it did.
If memory serves me right, these epistles didn't show up until the 1700's, which allowed plenty of time for changing.