The FReeper Foxhole Revisits The Battle of 73 EASTING - 1991 -Jan. 22, 2005

see educational sources | 1997 | Stephen A. Bourque

[snippy_about_it]

Lord,

Keep our Troops forever in Your care

Give them victory over the enemy...

Grant them a safe and swift return...

Bless those who mourn the lost.
.

FReepers from the Foxhole join in prayer
for all those serving their country at this time.


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The FReeper Foxhole Revisits

THE BATTLE OF 73 EASTING
(SOUTH) LEFT FLANK

The Tawakalna Mechanized Division of the Republican Guard Forces Command was positioned about 25 miles west of the Kuwait border, located exactly in the center of the US 7th Corps' sector, The Tawakalna was probably the best division in the Iraqi Army. It had fought with distinction during the war with Iran and was one of the lead divisions in Saddam Husayn's invasion of Kuwait in August 1990. Its two mechanized brigades and one armored brigade were equipped with the most advanced equipment available in the Iraqi Army, including 220 T-72 tanks and 278 infantry fighting vehicles. On 25 February it had moved into a blocking position west of the Iraq Petroleum Saudi Arabia (IPSA) pipeline about 80 miles from Kuwait city. In spite of the air campaign, most of this division was in position and ready to fight when the US 7th Corps arrived on 26 February 1991.

The main battle began on the Tawakalna's (18th Mechanized Brigade's sector) left flank. At 3:30 pm on 26 February 1991, the US 2nd Squadron of the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment arrived at the edge of the Tawakalna's operation zone and destroyed three T-72 tanks. A few moments later it ran right into a battalion strong point of the 18th Iraqi Mechanized Brigade. Strong points consisted of dug in vehicle and soldier fighting positions, wire, mines and prepared fields of fire. In most cases the Iraqi units were in the right place, but had not developed their positions as well as they should have. In what was later known as the Battle of 73 Easting, the 2nd Squadron attacked. It was a short, but violent battle. Iraqi vehicles exploded as 120mm rounds found their marks. US scout platoons followed the M1 tanks providing "scratching fires" to protect the US tanks from the Iraqi infantry. Just as the 2nd Squadron arrived at the rear of the battalion strong point the Iraqis launched a counterattack. While brave, it was ineffective. In 23 minutes one troop from the US squadron destroyed over half of the Iraqi battalion.

The 3rd Squadron moved just to the south of the 2nd Squadron and attacked the southern portion of the same Iraqi strong point at about 3:30 pm. At 4:45 pm, the Iraqis launched a counter-attack against the US 3rd Squadron with a T-72 tank company. At 2,500 meters, they fired at the Bradley cavalry fighting vehicles. The range was too great and their rounds struck the earth just short of their intended targets. They were unable to get many more rounds off as M1 tanks bounded forward and, at about 2,100 meters, destroyed most of the Iraqi T-72 tanks.



The US attack must have surprised the Iraqi battalion. The Iraqi crews were out of their tanks and infantry fighting vehicles because of the danger of air attacks, although the division commander must have had an idea that he was about to be attacked by a large force because his forward security forces and, one would hope, the Iraqi High Command or Republican Guard Forces Command headquarters would have given him warning. The word, however, did not find its way down to the front-line battalions and, especially, the individual tank and fighting vehicle crews, since no one ordered the Tawakalna battalion to prepare for immediate battle. At best, the Americans' attack speed was faster than the Tawakalna Division's orders process. At worst, no one on the Iraqi staff thought of telling the front-line units to prepare. The US attacked so violently that the Iraqis never had time to get back into their vehicles. The Iraqi battalion, also, did not prepare its positions very well: obstacles were obviously not complete, and it had emplaced only a few of its mines. Based on their experience in the Iran War, Iraqi defensive positions have lots of mines, barbed wire and other obstacles to stop the attacker. They dig in their vehicles deep into the ground, with just the turrets exposed so the guns can acquire targets. Unfortunately, the Tawakalna Division was only able to develop partially its defenses. The reasons may be lack of time, the effect of coalition jet aircraft flying overhead, and/or lack of materials (such as mines or wire).

Franks' orders to Colonel Don Holder, the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment commander, were to avoid a decisive engagement. Holder's troops had successfully destroyed one Iraqi battalion strong point, but there were still at least six or seven more battalions waiting for the US regiment, which did not have the combat power to break through the Tawakalna's defenses. Holder, therefore ordered his squadrons to hold at their current positions and prepare to pass the 1st Infantry Division, which had moved behind the Regiment, forward.

The fight in the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment's sector, however, was not yet over. Around 6 pm on 26 February, the character of the battle changed as dismounted Iraqi infantry, T-55 tanks and MT-LBs began a series of attacks on 2nd Squadron's positions along the 73 Easting. Iraqi infantry, believing that darkness and poor visibility would protect them, charged towards the US troopers firing their AK assault rifles and RPG anti-tank rockets. The US 2nd Squadron's defensive firepower, however, stopped the Iraqi attacks. US TOW anti-tank missiles destroyed several trucks loaded with Iraqi soldiers. M1 tanks demolished T-55 and T-72 tanks long before they got within their own firing range. The squadron's mortar sections began firing airbursts at the Iraqi infantry causing them either to retreat or dig in. In several hours of combat, the US squadron knocked out at least two companies of Iraqi tanks. Hundreds of Iraqi infantry and their lightly armored transporters lay scattered on the floor of a small wadi, or dry stream bed, nearby.



Shortly before 10:30 pm, it was suddenly quiet across the thirty kilometers in front of the Iraqi 18th Mechanized and 37th Armored Brigades. The 2nd US Armored Cavalry Regiment held its fire as the 1st Infantry Division began its forward passage of lines. Passage lanes are clearly marked routes that the moving unit uses to pass through the stationary unit. These routes may be marked by variouus means, including pyrotechnics, reflective or white tape, and even simple road signs. In most cases, the entry and exit of the lane is manned by members of both the moving and stationary unit to minimize confusion. Because the attack had stopped, the Tawakalna commander probably thought he had stopped the American advance on his left flank. Nothing, however could have been further from the truth. Just as the soldiers of the 2nd Squadron were defending against the Iraqi counter-attacks, the 1st Infantry Division began its final move towards the 73 Easting. American scouts on the forward line fired green star clusters to mark the exact passage lanes. Then, past tired 2nd US Cavalry soldiers and burning Iraqi T-72 tanks, the 1st US Infantry Division resumed the attack.

Now, instead of three armored cavalry squadrons, the 18th and 37th Iraqi Armored Brigades faced six heavy battalions of American tanks and infantry fighting vehicles and another six battalions of 155mm field artillery. The Iraqis, however, did not run. Instead, they manned their vehicles and weapons systems against the US forces. In the 1st US Brigade sector all of the battalions used a single passage lane. Each unit had its own area of operations to keep it from becoming confused with other units and to ensure that each unit achieved the command's common objective. Since these were only imaginary lines on the ground, units often strayed into adjacent sectors. The first battalion (1-34 Armor) that passed through the passage lane ran into a battalion from the Iraqi 18th Mechanized Brigade, and Iraqi gunners were able to indentify two American vehicles and destroy them, killing one soldier and wounding five others. The American commander pulled his scouts back and moved his tank companies forward. The second American battalion (Task Force 2-34 Armor) that passed through the passage lane became momentarily lost because it was dark and the combat equipment (in spite of rumors about super technology) did not have a compass or directional aid built into the vehicle. And the third (Task Force 5-16 Infantry) was not yet through the passage lane.



In the south, the 1st Infantry Division's 3rd Brigade moved through three separate passage lanes, where each battalion almost immediately made contact with the Iraqi defenders and both sides started shooting at each other. The primary fighting force in this sector were two battalions of the 37th Iraqi Armored Brigade, defending the left flank of the Tawakalna. The assault of the 3rd US Brigade also caught many Iraqi tank crews on the ground in their shelters, probably hiding from American air and artillery attacks. Because they had not turned on their engines and were not, therefore, generating heat, the tanks did not show up on the American's vehicle-mounted thermal sights. In many instances, American vehicles simply drove past the Iraqi positions. For the next few hours, bypassed Iraqi RPG equipped anti-tank teams and dismounted Iraqi infantry fired at passing American vehicles, only to be destroyed by other US tanks and fighting vehicles following the initial forces.

As Iraqi RPG teams and T-55 tanks maneuvered to shoot the Americans in their vulnerable rear, some M1 and Bradley turrets swung back to engage their attackers. Responding to apparent enemy fire, friendly crews returned fire. When the confusing mélée was over, the 1st Division tanks discovered that they had destroyed five of their own M1 tanks and four Bradleys. Six brigade soldiers perished in these attacks and thirty others were wounded. Rather than "press the attack" as those at Central Command (General Norman Schwarzkopf's headquarters) were demanding, the brigade commander, Colonel David Weisman, decided to pull the battalions back, consolidate, and use his artillery to destroy the aggressive Iraqi infantry.



The Iraqis had stopped the 1st Infantry Division's initial push into their sector; but not for long. By 12:30 am on 27 February, the two attacking brigades of the 1st Infantry Division were positioned along the 75 Easting, 2,000 meters east of 73 Easting. For the next three hours they methodically crossed the remaining ten kilometers of their objective, called Objective Norfolk. The area encompassed the intersection of the IPSA Pipeline Road and several desert trails, as well as a large Iraqi supply depot. As they slowly advanced, M1 tank commanders acquired the thermal images of the Iraqi tanks, or infantry fighting vehicles, long before they were themselves spotted by the Iraqis. Platoon leaders, team commanders, and even battalion commanders issued unit-wide fire commands, causing the entire command to fire at Iraqi targets simultaneously. By dawn, the 1st US Infantry Division controlled Objective Norfolk. The combined attack of the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment's three squadrons and the Big Red One's two leading brigades had destroyed the two Iraqi brigades (18th Mechanized Brigade and 37th Armored Brigade) on the Tawakalna's left flank. Simultaneously with the fighting in the southern portion of its sector, the Tawakalna Division was under assault in the center of its line.

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FReeper Foxhole Armed Services Links

[mark502inf]

One of the American company commanders at 73 Easting was CPT H.R. McMaster who gained a lot of attention when he wrote of the battle in Army professional magazines. He is now COL H.R. McMaster, comander of the 3d Armored Cavalry Regiment (ACR) at Fort Carson, getting ready to deploy to Iraq next month. McMaster gained a lot of attention within the Army again a couple months ago when he said he was taking all his armored vehicles to Iraq with the regiment. The Department of the Army guidance was to take 1/3 of his armored vehicles and mount everyone else on wheeled vehicles--primarily HMMMWVs. McMaster found the Army bureaucrats were more tenacious than the Iraqis--they fought for months, but he just won that battle, too. The 3d ACR will be deploying with all its tanks & Brads.

[mark502inf]

Well, as I was taught decades ago during a class on calling for and adjusting fire: "when in doubt, REPEAT!"

[Soaring Feather]

Good morning everyone.

[Valin]

On This Day In history


Birthdates which occurred on January 22:
1440 Ivan III the Great, Russian czar (1462-1505)/conquered Lithuania
1561 Francis Bacon England, statesman/essayist (Novum Organum)
1592 Pierre Gassendi Champtercier Provence, scientist/philosopher
1788 Lord [George Gordon Noel] Byron England, romantic poet/ deadbeat (Don Juan)
1802 Richard Upjohn US, gothic architect (Trinity Chapel, New York)
1826 [Merriwether] Jeff Thompson Partisan (Confederate Army), died in 1876
1858 Betrice Potter Webb England, economist
1875 DW Griffith movie producer/director (Birth of a Nation)
1890 Fred M Vinson Kentucky, 13th Chief Justice of US Supreme Court (1946-53)
1899 Guido Kisch Czech/German/US historian (Jews in medieval Germany)
1906 Robert E[rvin] Howard US, sci-fi author (Conan the Conqueror)
1909 Ann Sothern [Harriette Lake], North Dakota, actress (Lady in a Cage, My Mother the Car)
1909 [Sithu] U Thant Burma, 3rd UN Secretary-General (1962-72)
1923 Diana Douglas Devonshire Bermuda, actress (The Cowboys)
1924 J J Johnson composer/jazz trombonist
1924 Margaret Whiting big band singer
1928 Birch Bayh (Senator-D-IN)
1929 Rita Gillespie TV director
1931 Sam Cooke Clarksdale MS, gospel & blues singer (You Send Me, Another Saturday Night, Twisting The Night Away)
1934 Bill Bixby San Francisco CA, actor (The Courtship of Eddie's Father, Incredible Hulk, My Favorite Martian)
1934 Graham Kerr chef (Galloping Gourmet)
1935 Pierre S Du Pont IV (Governor-DE)
1937 Joseph Wambaugh East Pittsburgh PA, police writer (Onion Fields)
1940 John Hurt England, actor (Elephant Man, Alien, Midnight Express)
1949 Steve Perry Hanford CA, vocalist (Journey-Open Arms, Oh Sherry)
1955 Thomas David Jones Baltimore MD, PhD/Astronaut (STS 59, 68, 80, sk 98)
1957 Mike Bossy NHL forward (New York Islanders)
1959 Linda Blair St Louis MO, actress (Exorcist, Chained Heat, Savage St)
1973 Deon Minor Paris Texas, 400m runner
1979 Melanie Winiger Miss Switzerland-Universe (1997)
1982 Kevin Sheridan actor (Soul Man)
2179 Hikaru Walter Sulu San Francisco CA.

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Deaths which occurred on January 22:
1336 Louis III last Earl of Loon, dies
1552 Edward Seymour Duke of Somerset, beheaded for treason
1640 Erasmus Quellinus I Flemish wood carver, dies at about 55
1798 Lewis Morris US farmer (signed Declaration of Independence), dies at 71
1850 Vincenzo Pallotti Italian saint, dies at 54
1901 Victoria [Alexandrine], Britain's Queen (1837-1901), dies at 81
1922 Benedictus XV [Giacomo Markies D Chiesa], pope (1914-22), dies at 67
1950 Alan Hale Sr actor (The Seahawk, Yellowstone), dies at 57
1968 Duke Kahanamoku Hawaii, 100m swimmer (Olympics-gold-1912, 20, 24), dies at 77
1969 Judy Garland singer/actress (Wizard of Oz), dies at 48 of an overdose
1973 Lyndon B Johnson President (1963-69), dies at his Texas ranch at 64
1979 Ali Hassan Salameh [Abu Hassan], killed by car bomb; believed to have helped mastermind massacre of 1972 Munich Olympics athletes
1981 Fannie Thomas US, dies at 113
1992 Ali Amini PM of Iran (1961-62), dies
1994 Irving B Kahn inventor (teleprompter), dies at 76
1994 Telly Savalas actor (Kojak), dies of prostate cancer at 70
1995 Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy mother of President John F Kennedy, dies at 104
1996 Edward Thomas historian/intelligence expert, dies at 77
1997 Irwin Levine composer (Tie a Yellow Ribbon), dies at 58

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Reported: MISSING in ACTION

1966 FORMAN WILLIAM S.---PIPESTONE MN.
1966 FRENYEA EDMUND M.---UKIAH CA.
[LOST AT SEA]
1966 GRISSETT EDWIN R.---SAN JUAN TX.
[REMAINS RETURNED 06/89]
1966 SENNETT ROBERT R.---MAR VISTA CA.
1966 TEMPLIN ERWIN B. JR.---HOUSTON TX.
1969 ROSS DOUGLAS A.---TEMPLE CITY CA.
[REMAINS RETURNED IDENTIFIED 03/06/98]

POW / MIA Data & Bios supplied by
the P.O.W. NETWORK. Skidmore, MO. USA.

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On this day...
0871 Battle at Basing Danish invasion army beats Ethelred of Wessex
1371 King Robert II Stuart of Scotland crowned
1510 Jews are expelled from Colmar Germany
1517 Turks conquer Cairo
1528 England & France declare war on Emperor Charles V
1575 English queen Elizabeth I grants Thomas Tallis & William Byrd music press monopoly
1584 Parts of Switzerland adopt Gregorian calendar (& parts in 1812)
1588 Pope Sixtus V decrees "Immense aeterni" (Reformed curia)
1673 Postal service between New York & Boston inaugurated
1689 Lord Halifax becomes Speaker of English House of Lords
1690 Iroquois tribes renew allegiance to British against French
1758 Russian troops occupy Königsberg, East Prussia
1760 Battle at Wandewash India British troops beat French (of course they did..EVERYBODY beats the French)
1771 Spain cedes the Falkland Islands to Britain
1775 Marshal Oscar von Lubomirski expels Jews from Warsaw Poland
1813 Americans capture Frenchtown, Canada
1814 1st Knights Templar grand encampment in US held, New York City NY
1816 Lord Byron completes "Parisina" & "The Siege of Corinth"
1837 Earthquake in southern Syria kills thousands
1850 Alta California becomes a daily paper, 1st such in California
1857 National Association of Baseball Players founded, NY
1859 Brahms' 1st piano concerto (in D minor) premieres, Hanover
1862 Confederate government raises premium for volunteers from $10 to $20
1863 Union General Burnside's "Mud March"
1879 James Shields (D) elected US senator from Missouri after previously serving as US senator from Illinois & Minnesota
1879 Zulus attack British Army camp in Isandhlwana South Africa
1881 Ancient Egyptian obelisk "Cleopatra's Needle" erected in Central Park
1890 José Marti forms La Liga (Union of Cuban exiles) in New York City NY
1895 National Association of Manufacturers organized in Cincinnati OH
1901 After 63 years England stops sale of Queen Victoria postage stamps series & begins King Edward VII series
1905 "Bloody Sunday"; Russian demonstrators fired on by tsarist troops
1924 KGO-AM in San Francisco CA begins radio transmissions
1924 Baldwin government resigns in England
1930 -35ºF Mount Carroll IL (state record)
1932 British Anglicans & Old-Catholic church merge
1934 Dmitri Shostakovich's opera "Lady MacBeth" premieres in Leningrad
1936 French Laval government falls
1938 "Our Town", Thornton Wilder's Pulitzer-winner of small-town life in Grover's Corners NH, performed publicly for 1st time (New Jersey)
1939 Uranium atom 1st split, Columbia University
1941 1st mass killing of Jews in Romania
1941 British/Australian troops capture Tobruk from Italians
1943 Temperature rises 49ºF (9ºC) in 2 minutes in Spearfish SD
1944 Battle of Anzio (Italy); Allies stopped on the beach
1945 Burma highway reopens
1946 US President sets up CIA, Central Intelligence Agency
1947 KTLA TV channel 5 in Los Angeles CA (IND) begins broadcasting (1st commercial TV station west of Mississippi)
1951 Fidel Castro ejected from a Winter League game after beaning batter
1953 Arthur Miller's "Crucible" premieres in New York City NY
1957 Israeli forces withdraw from the Sinai Penisula
1957 Mad Bomber (George P Metesky) accused of 30 explosions, arrested
1959 USAF concludes less than 1% of UFO's are unknown objects
1960 Paul Pender beats Sugar Ray Robinson for middleweight boxing title
1964 World's largest cheese (15,723 kg) manufactured, Wisconsin
1965 US launches TIROS 9 weather satellite
1968 "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In" premieres on NBC(Sock it too me)
1968 Apollo 5 launched to Moon; unmanned lunar module tests made
1969 Orbiting Solar Observatory 5 launched into earth orbit
1969 Roy Campanella & Stan Musial elected to baseball Hall of Fame
1970 1st commercial Boeing 747 flight (Pan Am), New York to London in 6½ hours
1972 "Emergency" with Robert Fuller premieres on NBC TV
1973 George Foreman TKOs Joe Frazier in 2 for heavyweight boxing title

1973 Roe vs Wade US Supreme Court legalizes some abortions

1973 US, North & South Vietnam & Vietcong sign boundary accord
1975 Landsat 2, an Earth Resources Technology Satellite, launched
1976 Bank robbery in Beirut nets $20-50 million (record)
1980 Dissidents Andrei Sacharov & Jelena Bonner banished to Gorki
1982 75% of North America is covered by snow (more proof of global warming)
1985 -30ºF , Mountain Lake Bio Station, Virginia (state record)
1985 Cold wave damages 90% of Florida's citrus crop
1985 Kelly Hu, 16, of Hawaii, crowned 3rd Miss Teen USA
1988 Mike Tyson TKOs Larry Holmes in 4 for heavyweight boxing title
1989 Super Bowl XXIII San Francisco 49ers beat Cincinnati Bengals, 20-16 in Miami; Super Bowl MVP Jerry Rice, San Francisco, Wide Receiver
1992 Space Shuttle STS-42 (Discovery 15) launches into space
1992 Princess Sarah Ferguson wears paper bag over her head on airline ride (good)
1995 Palestinian bomb attack in Beit Lid Israel, 21-22 killed
1998 NHL's Minnesota franchise selects the nickname Wild
(You remember professional hockey? Sure you do.)

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Holidays
Note: Some Holidays are only applicable on a given "day of the week"

Ukraine : Ukrainian Day (1918)
US : Answer Your Cat's Question Day
US : National Popcorn Day
National Yours, Mine and Ours Month

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Religious Observances
Roman Catholic, Anglican : Memorial of St Vincent, martyr/patron of wine growers
Roman Catholic : Commemoration of St Anastasius, martyr
Roman Catholic : Commemoration of St Vincent Pallotti, Italian priest, founder

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Religious History
1522 German Reformer Martin Luther wrote in a letter: 'Love cares for the problems of others as if they were one's own.'
1843 Birth of Friedrich Wilhelm Blass, German biblical philologist. His 1896 "Grammar of New Testament Greek" became a foundational work in New Testament studies, and is still in print.
1855 Birth of Carrie Ellis Breck, American Presbyterian poet. Several of her verses later became hymns, including "Help Somebody Today" and "Face to Face with Christ My Savior."
1882 The Fifth Street Presbyterian Church of Troy, New York, became the first church in America to be illuminated by electric lighting.
1963 Swiss Reformed theologian Karl Barth wrote in a letter: 'In Jesus Christ, God and man...are already at peace Ä not as enemies but as true companions. In Him salvation is already present and at work.'

Source: William D. Blake. ALMANAC OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Minneapolis: Bethany House, 1987.

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Thought for the day :
"Music is the greatest good that mortals know,
And all of heaven we have below."

[Valin]

Did you survive the raaaaaaaaaaging blizzard?

[The Mayor]

January 22, 2005

Against The Flow

Read: 1 Peter 4:1-5

Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. —Romans 12:2

Bible In One Year: Job 21-24

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Two college students in Moorhead, Minnesota, painted a mural on the wall outside their dormitory room. According to USA Today, it showed a school of fish all swimming in the same direction except for a single fish heading the opposite way.

The one fish was intended to be the age-old symbol for Christ. Printed on the picture were the words, "Go against the flow." University officials, arguing that the mural might offend non-Christians, ordered the students to paint over it.

In obedience to our Master, we must be willing to go against the flow of society. As we follow Jesus, our motives, values, and habits are bound to be different from those who are not Christians. That's the way it was in the first century when the pagans were puzzled and convicted by the lifestyle of Christians. Peter wrote, "They think it strange that you do not run with them in the same flood of dissipation, speaking evil of you" (1 Peter 4:4).

When we are marching to the beat of a different drummer, of course we will be out of step with certain aspects of society. This takes conviction, courage, and courtesy. But by God's enabling grace we can be disturbingly different—and effectively different too. —Vernon Grounds

Some will hate you, some will love you;
Some will flatter, some will slight;
Cease from man and look above you,
Trust in God and do the right. —Macleod

When we walk with the Lord, we'll be out of step with the world.

[SAMWolf]

Morning Aeronaut

[SAMWolf]

Morning E.G.C.

The day is starting out sunny. :-)

[SAMWolf]

Morning GailA

Breakfast!!! and eggs and bacon to go with it. :-)

[SAMWolf]

Morning alfa6.

Welcome back to the day people. ;-)

[SAMWolf]

Morning mark502inf.

Thanks for sharing the info on Col. McMaster.

The 3d ACR will be deploying with all its tanks & Brads.

:-) As it should be.

[SAMWolf]

LOL! Seems to be a lot of that going around the last few days.

[SAMWolf]

Good Morning, Feather.

[Soaring Feather]

Morning Sam.

Snow storm happening here. Ugh.

[SAMWolf]

1968 "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In" premieres on NBC(Sock it too me)

Veeeeeeeeeeery interesting!

[SAMWolf]

Morning Mayor

University officials, arguing that the mural might offend non-Christians, ordered the students to paint over it.

It's only PC to offend Christians.

[SAMWolf]

Quit hogging all the snow. You have more than your "fair share"

[The Mayor]

and it is happening all over the place these days.

I love not being politically correct.. : )

[Soaring Feather]

Man you can have my share. We are getting dumped on.

[Aeronaut]

Unnnngh!