The FReeper Foxhole Profiles Alan B. Shepard, Jr. - Aug. 9th, 2004

www.achievement.org ^

[SAMWolf]

Lord,

Keep our Troops forever in Your care

Give them victory over the enemy...

Grant them a safe and swift return...

Bless those who mourn the lost.
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FReepers from the Foxhole join in prayer
for all those serving their country at this time.

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Admiral Alan B. Shepard, Jr.
(1923-1998)

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Alan B. Shepard, Jr. was born and raised in East Derry, New Hampshire. His father was a retired Army officer. Alan grew up on the family farm and attended East Derry's one-room schoolhouse. As a boy he did odd jobs at the local airfield to learn about airplanes.

Alan Shepard, age three, with his mother Renza and sister Pauline.
(Courtesy Rear Admiral Alan B. Shepard, Jr.)

An excellent student, Shepard won an appointment to the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis. After graduation, Ensign Shepard served on the destroyer Cogswell during the closing months of World War II. At war's end, he married Louise Brewer, whom he had met while attending the Naval Academy.

Shepard was so eager to receive his wings and pilot's license that he studied at a civilian flying school in his spare time while attending naval flight training at Corpus Christi, Texas and Pensacola, Florida. After receiving his wings, he served with the 42nd Fighter Squadron for several tours of duty aboard aircraft carriers in the Mediterranean.


Midshipman Alan Shepard, Annapolis, 1943.
(Courtesy Rear Admiral Alan B. Shepard, Jr.)

In 1950, Shepard entered the U.S. Navy Test Pilot School in Patuxent, Maryland. After qualifying as a test pilot, he tested high-altitude aircraft and in-flight fueling systems, and made some of the first landings on angled carrier decks. He served as operations officer of the 193rd Fighter Squadron on two tours of the Western Pacific, and as an instructor at the Navy Test Pilot School. After graduation from the Naval War College at Newport, Rhode Island in 1958, Alan Shepard became aircraft readiness officer on the staff of the Commander in Chief of the Atlantic fleet.

In 1959, the newly created National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) invited 110 top test pilots to volunteer for the manned space flight program. Of the original 110, Shepard was among the seven chosen for Project Mercury and presented to the public at a press conference on April 8, 1959. The other six were Malcolm (Scott) Carpenter, Leroy Cooper, John Glenn, Virgil (Gus) Grissom, Walter (Wally) Schirra and Donald (Deke) Slayton.


Alan Shepard, with his wife Louise, on their wedding day in 1945.
(Courtesy Rear Admiral Alan B. Shepard, Jr.)

These seven were subjected to an unprecedented and grueling training in the sciences and in physical endurance. Every conceivable situation the men would encounter in space travel was studied and, when possible, simulated with training devices.

Of the seven Mercury astronauts, Shepard was chosen for the first American manned mission into space. On April 15, 1961, only a few weeks before Shepard's flight, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to reach outer space. Gagarin's flight took him into orbit around the earth.


Flight school, 1946.
(Courtesy Rear Admiral Alan B. Shepard, Jr.)

Shepard's flight, on May 5, was still a history-making event. Whereas Gagarin had been only a passenger in his vehicle, Shepard was able to maneuver the Freedom 7 space capsule himself. While the Soviet mission was veiled in secrecy, Shepard's flight, return from space, splashdown at sea, and recovery by helicopter to a waiting aircraft carrier were seen on live television by millions around the world. On his return, Shepard was honored with parades in Washington, New York and Los Angeles.

In the subsequent Mercury missions of Virgil Grissom and John Glenn, the U.S. space program would quickly meet and then surpass the achievements of the Soviet one. Shepard himself moved on to the next stage of the space program: Project Gemini.


The original seven Mercury astronauts. Alan Shepard stands at top left.
(NASA)

Shepard was scheduled to command the first Gemini mission when he was diagnosed with an inner ear disturbance affecting his equilibrium. This disturbance kept him out of space for the next six years. He remained with NASA as chief of the astronaut office, but could only sit and watch as younger astronauts of Project Apollo prepared for travel to the moon. Tragedy struck the space program when a launch pad fire destroyed Apollo V, taking the lives of three astronauts, including Shepard's Project Mercury comrade, Gus Grissom.

By 1968, an operation had restored Shepard's equilibrium and he volunteered for a lunar mission, but Shepard remained earthbound, while Apollo XI and XII successfully landed men on the moon. Apollo XIII, which Shepard had hoped to lead himself, was forced to turn back in mid-course. In 1971, 47 year-old Alan Shepard, the oldest astronaut in the program, was finally tapped to lead the Apollo XIV mission to the moon.



Millions watched the live color broadcast of the mission, and few who saw it will ever forget the sight of Shepard and Edgar Mitchell bouncing around in the low-gravity environment, or of Shepard batting golf balls into the lunar distance before boarding the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM) to return to the craft orbiting above. Once again, Shepard returned from space to a hero's welcome. He was promoted to Admiral before finally retiring from the Navy and from NASA.

[SAMWolf]

Freedom 7
1st American into space

The main scientific objective of project Mercury was to determine man's capabilities in a space environment and in those environments to which he will be subject upon going into and returning from space. A few of the basic flight problems included: The development of an automatic escape system, vehicle control during insertion, behavior of space systems, evaluation of pilots capabilities in space, in flight monitoring, retrofire and reentry maneuvers and landing and recovery.

The name "Freedom Seven" was Alan Shepard's choice. "Freedom" because it was patriotic and "Seven" because it was the seventh Mercury capsule produced. It also represented the seven Mercury astronauts. To help relieve any tension Shepard might have built up before his flight, Glenn pasted a little sign on the spacecraft instrument panel, reading "No handball playing here." This bit of levity hearkened back to their training days.

At T-15 minutes it was necessary to hold the count again to make a final check of the real-time trajectory computer. A small electrical part had a problem and this resulted in an hour and twenty six minute delay. Shepard was on top of the Redstone for so long now that he had to urinate. "Gordo!" he said, talking to Gordon Cooper, a fellow Mercury Seven astronaut and principal prelaunch communicator. "Go, Alan." "Man, I got to pee." "You what?" "You heard me. I've got to pee. I've been up here forever."

Crew members of U.S.S Champlain cheer arrival of Astronaut Alan Shepard

Shepard wanted to be let out but there wasn't time to reassemble the White Room. Thinking that he could be up there for hours, he told them he was going to do it in his suit. Unfortunately, there was no urine collection system and the medics were concerned he would short-circuit the leads. "Tell 'em to turn the power off!" Alan snapped. Cooper, with a chuckle in his voice said, "Okay, Alan. Power's off. Go to it."

Shepard couldn't hold back any longer and the liquid pooled in the small of his back. His heavy undergarment soaked up the urine, and with 100 percent oxygen flowing through the suit he was soon dry. The countdown resumed.

Rescue helicopter crew drop Astronaut Shepard a hoisting sling after landing

At T- minus two minutes and forty seconds and counting, Shepard heard that dreaded word again, "Hold". There was a little computer problem. Getting frustrated, he yelled, "I've been in here more than three hours. I'm a hell of a lot cooler than you guys. Why don't you just fix your little problem and light this candle?"

They fixed the problem and the countdown proceeded until liftoff at 9:34 am EST on 5/5/1961. Because of his excitement, Shepard said he failed to hear much of the closing countdown, with the exception of the firing command. During this period his pulse rate rose from 80 per minute to 126 at the liftoff signal. "You're on your way, Jose!" Deke Slayton shouted. "Roger, liftoff, and the clock has started," Alan called out.

Astronaut Alan Shepard onboard helicopter after recovery of Mercury capsule

Shepard saw the umbilical cable supplying prelaunch electrical power to the Mercury-Redstone and its supporting boom fall away. He raised his hand to start the elapsed-time clock that ticked off the seconds of the flight. The ride continued smoothly for about 45 seconds; then the rocket, capsule, and astronaut began vibrating. Conditioned to these circumstances, Shepard realized that he was passing through the transonic speed zone, where turbulence built up. The buffeting became rugged at the point of maximum aerodynamic pressures, about 88 seconds after liftoff; Shepard's head and helmet were bouncing so hard that he could not read his panel dials.

Pressed by 6 g at two minutes after launch, Shepard still was able to report "all systems go." The Redstone's engine shut down on schedule at 142 seconds, having accelerated the astronaut to a velocity of 5,134 miles per hour, close to the nominal speed. After engine cutoff, Shepard heard the tower-jettison rocket fire and turned his head to peer out the port, hoping that he might see the smoke from the pyrotechnics. There was no smoke, but the green tower-jettison light on his panel assured him that the pylon was gone. Shepard strained in his couch under an acceleration that hit a peak g load of 6.3. Outside the capsule the shingle temperature reached 220 degrees F, but inside the cabin the temperature was only 91 degrees. The astronaut was hardly perspiring in his pressure suit at 75 degrees.

Freedom 7 capsule is rescued by helicopter at end of MR-3 flight

When he tried to observe the scene below him, Shepard immediately noticed that the periscope had the medium gray filter in place. While waiting on the pad, he had used this filter to eliminate the glare of the intermittently bright sunlight and had planned to remove the filter when he retracted the periscope, just before launch. But being otherwise occupied at the time, he had forgotten to make the change. During spacecraft turnaround he tried to remove the filter, but as he reached for the filter knob the pressure gauge on his left wrist banged into the abort handle. He carefully pulled his hand away. After that he forgot about the intensity filter and observed the wondrous sights below through the gray slide. "What a beautiful view!"



While riding down the reentry curve toward a water landing, Shepard again assumed the fly-by-wire mode of control. As the reentry loads began to build up to a peak of 11.6 g, the oscillations also increased moderately. As soon as the highest g point had passed and the spacecraft had steadied, Shepard left fly-by-wire and cut in the automatic control system. As the altimeter dial slipped past 40,000 feet, the astronaut braced and listened closely for the drogue mortar to fire. He gave the Cape a reading of 30,000 feet, and 9000 feet later the drogue snapped out without a kick. The antenna canister atop the spacecraft blew off as planned at 10,000 feet, pulling the main parachute with it. Shepard clearly saw and felt it in its initial reefed and partially unfurled condition, which prevented the lines from snapping. Within seconds it spread to its 63-foot diameter, giving the astronaut a reassuring jolt.


Alan Shepard, Mrs. Shepard, Mrs. Kennedy, President Kennedy and Vice President Johnson, at the White House.
(Courtesy Rear Admiral Alan B. Shepard, Jr.)

Freedom 7 splashed and listed over into the water on the astronaut's right side, about 60 degrees from an upright position. The chutes cast loose automatically on impact to prevent dragging. As the water sloshed over the ports, the spaceman saw the fluoresceing dye spreading over an ever increasing area. Shepard quickly checked the spacecraft interior to see if any leaks had resulted from impact. There were none; it was dry. Now slowly Freedom 7 came to an upright position, taking about a minute's time, and Shepard jubilantly reported to Cardfile 23, the communications airplane, that he was all right. From beginning to end the flight mission had been almost perfect.

[SAMWolf]

Capitalist Man on the Moon's Back Nine

Alan Shepard in June, 1961 became the first American to fly in space and in that cold-war permeated year, he represented the best that capitalism could produce. A few weeks before Shepard's flight, the Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gargarin had been the first man ever to orbit Planet Earth. Gargarin's flight was far longer, his rocket bigger. But NASA spun Shepard's flight as a clash of ideologies: what mattered was that the capitalist astronaut could and did make limited decisions about his capsule's maneuvers while the communist cosmonaut was a passive passenger whose path was decided by a committee. Of such minutia were the rhetorical stakes of the arms race composed: we, free men; they, automata.


Alan Shepard, commander of the Apollo XIV mission.
(Courtesy of Rear Admiral Alan Shepard)

Gargarin's orbit in April, 1961 humiliated the US defense establishment as surely as Russia's pioneering satellite Sputnik had four years earlier. The US had felt pressured to step up its timetable - Shepard's initial flight in the Mercury Freedom VII was to have taken place months later. Even so Shepard's suborbital effort clearly didn't match the Russians. JFK, three weeks after Shepard had safely splashed down, promised to put a man on the moon by the end of the decade. They own Siberia; We will own the Moon.

Shepard was among the best of the US test pilots, and he was a steady and impressive personality. "I want to be first because I want to be first," he said before he flew. And they said the Russians were automata.


Alan Shepard on the Moon in 1971.

On the day of the flight, Shepard recalled, "I walked out, and looked at that huge rocket, the Redstone rocket, for the first time. Of course it's not huge by today's standards, but it seemed pretty big then. And I thought, well now, there is that little rascal, and I'm going to get up on top and fly that thing. And you know, pilots always go out to airplanes and kick the tires before they fly. Nobody would let me near the rocket to kick the fins, but I kind of walked around and thought, well, I'll take a good look at it, because I'll never see that part of the machine again. And the excitement started building, I think, at that point."

Lying on his back atop the rocket, waiting through delays for Freedom VII to blast off, Shepard's bladder filled to bursting. But Werner von Braun, NASA's hardass ex-Nazi flight chief, wouldn't let him get out to take a piss. So Shepard went ahead and relieved himself in his spacesuit. "Weh-ayl," he drawled in the southern dialect that fighter pilots affect no matter where they hail from (Shepard was from New Hampshire), "I'm a wetback now." A few moments later he said, "Why don't you fix your little problem and light this candle." So they did, sending Shepard into his 14-minute rendezvous with suborbital glory. He later recalled that his brief period of weightlessness was "pleasant." He had little time for other emotion - too busy making those minute capitalist man course adjustments.


August, 26, 1971. Alan Shepard is promoted to admiral in a ceremony at the Pentagon. Navy Secretary John H. Chafee does the honors as Shepard, recently returned from the Moon, becomes the first astronaut to achieve star rank. At the time, he was the only one of the original seven astronauts still on flight status with the space program.
(UPI/Bettmann)

He was grounded for a decade after his initial blastoff by inner ear problems unrelated to space flight. He drew desk duty, supervising astronaut training. His ears were surgically corrected and he went on in 1971 to captain Apollo XIV to the moon. There he made his greatest contribution to the US Space program.

It is often argued that manned space flight is a waste of money and technology, that there is almost nothing that a man can accomplish in space that a machine can't do better and cheaper. But the critics have neglected golf. At the end of the two-day lunar hike and rock collecting trip, Shepard produced a makeshift six-iron and two balls, which he whacked successfully. He justified golf as a way to demonstrate the difference in gravity between earth and moon. "The balls are still up there," he said. "Perhaps the youngsters of today will go up and play golf with them some time, 25 or 30 years from now." (We in the gallery are still waiting, 27 years later.)

On planet Earth this made him one of the most popular golfing buddies anywhere. Golfers paid thousands to hit with him, money that Shepard contributed to charity. In his memorial statement, President Clinton said that Shepard "lived every golfer's dream," and said that the lunar drives traveled "for miles and miles." Both statements were sad examples of White House lies and hyperbole. Few golfers dream of hitting on the moon, and the balls traveled far less than one mile.



While on the moon, Shepard experienced a rare moment of emotion. "You think it's pretty big when you're back there among your friends and it's 25,000 miles around. But from that distance you realize it is, in fact, fragile." This led to a political revelation: "Perhaps we could put the Security Council in the space station and let them try to see where their little bailiwick is." On the other hand, a small planet would be easily dominated.

Shepard was a loud detractor of Tom Wolfe's The Right Stuff. On tour to promote his own book, Moon Shot, Shepard said, "We wanted to call [it] 'The Real Stuff' since his was just fiction."

Shepard was credited with introducing into widespread use the phrase "A-OK," which was how a NASA spokesman described his reaction to the success of Freedom VII. It turns out he never said it.

Additional Sources:

www.thespaceplace.com
www.teachspace.org
www.goodbyemag.com
history.msfc.nasa.gov
www.ksc.nasa.gov

[SAMWolf]

In 1961, Marshall's Mercury-Redstone vehicle boosted the America's first astronaut, Alan B. Shepard on a suborbital flight.

Rocket: Redstone, MR-7
Spacecraft: No. 7
Launch: 05/05/1961, 9:34:00 a.m. EST
Landing: 05/05/1961, 9:49:28 a.m. EST
Duration: 15 min, 28 sec
Altitude: 116.5 statute miles
Orbits: 0
Distance: 303 statute miles
Velocity: 5,134 mph
Max G: 11
Recovery ship: U.S.S. Lake Champlain

[SAMWolf]

John Kerry told the world we were war criminals who raped, tortured and murdered in Vietnam. Now, thirty-three years later, we will tell America the truth.

Join us at the rally we call:

What: A peaceful remembrance of those with whom we served in Vietnam - those who lived and those who died.
We will tell the story of their virtues and how that contrasts with the lies told by John Kerry.

When: Sunday, Sept. 12, 2004 @ 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM EDT

Where: The West Front of the U.S. Capitol Building, Washington, DC

All Vietnam veterans and their families and supporters are asked to attend. Other veterans are invited as honored guests. This will be a peaceful event--no shouting or contact with others with different opinions. We fought for their rights then, and we respect their rights now. This is NOT a Republican or a pro-Bush rally. Democrats, Republicans and independents alike are warmly invited.

Our gathering is to remember those with whom we served, thereby giving the lie to John Kerry's smear against a generation of fine young men. B.G. "Jug" Burkett, author of "Stolen Valor," will be one of our speakers. Jug has debunked countless impostors who falsely claimed to be Vietnam veterans or who falsely claimed awards for heroism. Jug recommends that we refrain from dragging fatigues out of mothballs. Dress like America, like you do every day.

Dress code: business casual, nice slacks, and shirt and shoes. No uniform remnants, please. Unit hats OK.

Selected members will wear badges identifying them as authorized to speak to the media about our event. Others who speak to the media will speak only for themselves.

The program will be controlled in an attempt to stay on-message. Speakers are encouraged not to engage in speculative criticism of John Kerry but (1) to stick to known and undisputed facts about John Kerry’s lies while (2) reminding America of the true honor and courage of our brothers in battle in Vietnam.

Send this announcement to 10 or more of your brothers! Bring them by car, bus, train or plane! Make this event one of pride in America, an event you would be proud to have your mother or your children attend.

Contact: kerrylied.com

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Veterans for Constitution Restoration is a non-profit, non-partisan educational and grassroots activist organization. The primary area of concern to all VetsCoR members is that our national and local educational systems fall short in teaching students and all American citizens the history and underlying principles on which our Constitutional republic-based system of self-government was founded. VetsCoR members are also very concerned that the Federal government long ago over-stepped its limited authority as clearly specified in the United States Constitution, as well as the Founding Fathers' supporting letters, essays, and other public documents.

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Actively seeking volunteers to provide this valuable service to Veterans and their families.

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UPDATED THROUGH APRIL 2004



The FReeper Foxhole. America's History. America's Soul

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[snippy_about_it]

"FALL IN" to the FReeper Foxhole!



Good Monday Morning Everyone



If you would like to be added to our ping list, let us know.

[Diver Dave]

Evenin'/Mornin' Foxhole Buddies and Buddiettes.
Home at last from our vacation up north. We didn't put in as many miles as Alan Shepard, but had more time in the pilot's seat of our Sante Fe than Shepard did. :)
Great to be home and back to FR.

[SAMWolf]

Welcome back DD.

Hope the vaction was an enjoyable one.

[snippy_about_it]

Buddiettes

LOL. Good evening DD. It's night time for me. Hope vacation was fun and welcome home.

[radu]

Good morning everyone!

To all our military men and women, past and present, and to our allies who stand with us,
THANK YOU!

I hope everyone is doing fine and dandy these days. Been a bit on the hectic side on the farm but don't think think our military folks are forgotten about. That'll never happen as long as I breathe. :-) My thoughts are with all, both past and present, daily and my gratitude and support are unwavering.
Wishing everyone a wonderful day! I know....it's back-to-work Monday but I can hope, can't I? :-)
(((HUGZ))) all 'round!

[Iris7]

Those space missions have, even to the very nontechnical, proved obviously dangerous. Us technical types were always appalled at the whole business. Astronaut survival was a miracle on every mission.

The astronauts knew this very well. They were all technical types. They flew anyway. Brave.

Neil Armstrong is profoundly an engineer, for instance. Excellent man.

The space shuttle wasn't the first program that should have been killed before birth. The Apollo Five mission, that killed Grissom, Chaffee, and White (those names are permanently in my memory), killed the crew with bureaucratic ponderous stupidity. I eagerly studied, at the time, the trickle of information released after the fire. I tell you, very bad. Literally criminal malfeasance.

The Apollo 13 mission was just as bad, but by a miracle the boys got home. You wouldn't believe the details on that one either.

O-rings that got too cold. Good grief, use a silicone rubber v-shaped backer. And so Challenger died.

Heat shields so brittle a piece of ice falling on them meant curtains, and everybody knew it. Even the Chinese know to use non-brittle heat shields; I hear they have used wood for heat shields successfully, unlike the American experience with "hi-tech" carbon-carbon.

[Iris7]

You can see by my #10 that I am not happy with NASA. Needs to be seen for what it is. Then flush the toilet.

Gus Grissom, killed on Apollo 5, was once asked if riding that thing made him nervous. Grissom responded, "That machine has three million different parts, and each one of them was built by the lowest bidder."

Those boys knew.

I know exactly how good I am, and I am better than some, worse than others. NASA consumes twenty billion dollars a year and produces nothing but government paychecks for government employees.

I am a space guy since well before puberty. Man, do they need fixing.

[Aeronaut]

Good morning Snippy.

[E.G.C.]

Good morning, Snippy and everyone at the Freeper Foxhole.

[alfa6]

Right Stuff Bump

Regards

alfa6 ;>}

[Soaring Feather]

Good Monday morning everyone.
Oh, love today's topic.

[Soaring Feather]

Just last night I watched The Right Stuff. What a thrilling time that was. I was glued to the tube for every launch and cried a million tears when astronauts died.

[Valin]

On This Day In History


Birthdates which occurred on August 09:
1593 Izaak Walton England, biographer/fisherman/writer (Compleat Angler)
1808 William Thomas Ward, Bvt Major General (Union volunteers)
1823 Daniel Marsh Frost, Brig General (Confederate Army), died in 1900
1824 Simon Goodell Griffin, Bvt Major General (Union volunteers)
1883 George Hoyt NBA hall of fame referee (elected 1961)
1896 Jean Piaget Switz, pioneer developmental psychologist/zoologist
1897 Ralph Wyckoff American pioneer in x-ray crystallography
1909 John Baur museum director/author (American Paintings in 19th Century)
1911 Robert McCormick Danville Ky, NBC newscaster (Current Opinion)
1911 William A Fowler US, astrophysicist (Nobel 1983)
1913 Harry Mills singer (Mills Brothers-Paper Doll)
1913 Herman Talmadge (Sen-D-Ga, Watergate Committee)
1919 Ralph Houk baseball manager (Yankees, Tigers)
1927 Marvin Minsky Artifical intelligence computer scientist (MIT)
1927 Robert Shaw England, actor (Deep, Jaws, Sting, Black Sunday)
1930 Betty Boop animation
1934 Merle Kilgore (songwriter,Ring of Fire,Johnny Reb, Wolverton Mountain)
1938 Rod Laver Australia, tennis ace (1962, 1969 Grand Slam)
1944 Sam Elliot Calif, actor (Big Chill, Fatal Beauty)
1945 Ken Norton Heavyweight Boxing Champ/TV panelist (Gong Show)
1957 Melanie Griffith NYC, actress (Something Wild, Working Girl)
1958 Amanda Bearse actress (Marcy Rhoodes/Darcy-Married With Children)
1963 Whitney Houston Newark NJ, singer (One Moment in Time)

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Deaths which occurred on August 09:
1896 Otto Lilenthal killed during a glider test
0117 Mark Ulpius Trajanus, emperor of Rome (98-117)
0378 Flavius Valens, emperor of Byzantium (364-78), dies in battle at 50
1612 Ottavio M Frangipani, Pope elect, dies
1862 Joseph Bennett Plummer, US Union-brig-gen, dies at 42 or 46
1961 Walter Bedell Smith, US general/WW II chief of staff, dies at 75
1962 Hermann Hesse, German/Swiss poet/author (Nobel 1946), dies at 85
1973 Dean Corll shot; he raped & killed 26 boys
1988 Alan Napier (Alfred the Butler on Batman), dies at 85
1995 Jerry Garcia, rock vocalist (Grateful Dead), dies at 53

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Reported: MISSING in ACTION
1967 CHERRY ALLEN SHELDON---UNIVERSITY CITY MO.
[REMAINS IDENTIFIED 15 JULY 1999]
1967 LENGYEL LAUREN ROBERT---LYNNFIELD MA.
[03/14/73 RELEASED BY DRV, ALIVE IN 98]
1967 MYERS GLENN L.---PENN HILLS PA.
[03/14/73 RELEASED BY DRV, ALIVE AND WELL 98]
1968 WOLFKEIL WAYNE B.---WILKES BARRE PA.
1968 WINN DAVID W.---AUSTIN MN.
[03/14/73 RELEASED BY DRV, ALIVE AND WELL 98]
1969 BECK EDWARD EUGENE JR.---NORTH CANTON OH.
1969 DOTSON JEFFERSON S.---POUND VA.
1969 GOURLEY LAURENT L.---VILLISCA IA.
1969 JANOUSEK RONALD J.---POSEN IL.
1969 KANE BRUCE E.---DEER PARK NY.

POW / MIA Data & Bios supplied by
the P.O.W. NETWORK. Skidmore, MO. USA.

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On this day...
0480 -BC- Persia defeats Spartan king Leonidas at Thermopylae
0378 Battle of Adrianople, Visigoth Calvary defeats Roman Army
1638 Jonas Bronck of Holland becomes 1st European settler in the Bronx
1655 Lord Protector Cromwell divides England into 11 districts
1673 Dutch recapture NY from English; regained by English in 1674
1778 Capt Cook passes through Bering Strait
1786 1st ascent of Mt Blanc
1790 Columbia becomes 1st US flagged ship to voyage around the world
1803 1st horses arrive in Hawaii
1829 "Stourbridge Lion" locomotive goes into service
1831 1st US steam engine train run (Albany to Schenectady, NY)
1842 US-Canada border defined by Webster-Ashburton Treaty
1848 Barnburners (anti-slavery) party merges with the Free Soil Party nominating Martin Van Buren for president
1849 Hungarian Republic crushed by Austria & Russia
1854 Henry David Thoreau publishes "Walden"
1855 Battle of Acapulco during Mexican Liberal uprising
1862 Prelude to 2nd Manassas, Jackson is victorious at Battle of Cedar Mt, however Gen Charles S Winder is killed
1864 Battle of Ft Morgan AL
1892 Thomas Edison received a patent for the two-way telegraph which allowed operators to send messages simultaneously over one wire
1893 1st US bowling magazine, Gut Holz, published in NY
1902 Edward VII of England crowned after death of his mother Victoria
1910 Alva Fisher patents electric washing machine
1923 NY State Golf Assoc formed
1930 Betty Boop debutes in Max Fleischer's animated cartoon Dizzy Dishes
1936 Jesse Owens wins 4th gold medal of Berlin Olympics
1942 British arrests Indian nationalist Mohandas K Gandhi
1942 200 Jews escape Mir Ghetto in Poland
1942 Dmitri Shostakovitch's 7th Symphony performed in Leningrad
1942 Vice-Adm Mikawa lands at Guadalcanal, Solomon Island

1945 US drops 2nd atomic bomb "Fat Man" on Japan destroys part of Nagasaki

1946 1st time all major-league baseball games (8) are played at night
1951 Dutch Korea volunteers win US Collective Unit Citation
1956 1st state-wide, state-supported educational TV network, Alabama
1956 South African women demonstrate against pass laws
1960 Race riot in Jacksonville Florida
1961 James B Parsons is 1st black appointed to Federal District Court
1963 Britains rock TV show, Ready Steady Go, premiers
1965 Singapore gains independence from Malaysia (National Day)
1967 Marines launch Operation Cochise
1970 Peruvian Airlines jet carrying 45 US exchange students explodes
1971 Le Roy (Satchel) Paige inducted into baseball's Hall of Fame
1972 Rockwell receives NASA contract to construct the Space Shuttle
1974 Richard Nixon resigns presidency, VP Gerald Ford becomes 38th pres
1979 English seaside resort Brighton gets 1st British nude beach
1981 6 English lifeguards set relay swim record the English Channel (7:17)
1988 Edmonton Oilers trade Wayne Gretzky to LA Kings for $15-$20 millions
1988 Just 1 day after 8/8/88 NY's daily number is 888
1990 12 Arab leaders agree to send pan-Arab forces to protect Saudi Arabia

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Holidays
Note: Some Holidays are only applicable on a given "day of the week"

Japan : Nagasaki Memorial Day (1945)
Libya : Sanusi Army Day
Rhode Island : Victory Day
Singapore : National Day (1965)
Zambia : Youth Day
Don't Wait...Celebrate Week (Day 2)
National Apple Week (Day 2)
National Catfish Month

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Religious Observances
Christian : Commemoration of St Denys

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Religious History
1765 English founder of Methodism John Wesley wrote in a letter: 'You have but one Pattern; follow Him inwardly and outwardly. If other believers will go step for step with you, well; but if not, follow Him!'
1788 Birth of Adoniram Judson, American Baptist missionary. He first sailed to Burma in 1812, and spent nearly all of his remaining 38 years in missionary and literacy work there. Judson translated the entire Bible into Burmese by 1834.
1884 Birth of Kenneth Scott Latourette, Baptist church historian. Teaching at Yale from 1921-53, his greatest writings were his 7-volume History of the Expansion of Christianity (1937-45) and 5-volume Christianity in a Revolutionary Age (1958-62). Latourette died a bachelor.
1942 English Bible expositor Arthur W. Pink wrote in a letter: 'Waiting on the Lord (Isa. 40:31, etc.) describes an attitude of soul when we are engaged in true prayer, but waiting for the Lord is the exercise of patience while His answer tarries.'
1960 The Church of the Lutheran Confession adopted its constitution at a convention held at Watertown, South Dakota. The denomination was formally organized the following January (1961) at Sleepy Eye, Minnesota.

Source: William D. Blake. ALMANAC OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Minneapolis: Bethany House, 1987.

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Thought for the day :
"Someone is speaking well of you."

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Media Reports of the Apocalypse...
Wired:
THE LAST NEW THING

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You Might Be An Engineer If...
You hesitate to look at something because you don't want to break down its wave function

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Doggie Dictionary...
DROOL: Is what you do when your persons have food and you don't.
To do this properly you must sit as close as you can and look sad and let the drool fall to the floor, or better yet, on their laps.

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Dumb Laws...
New York New York:
Citizens may not greet each other by "putting one's thumb to the nose and wiggling the fingers".

[Professional Engineer]

Good morning ladies. Flag-o-gram.

In honor of the sesquicentennial of the founding of the U.S. Military Academy, West Point, N.Y., the Brigade of Midshipmen presented a bronze plaque to the Corps of Cadets at West Point. Midshipman Robert P. McDonald congratulates Cadet Gordon Carpenter. [#5092; 263K]

[Professional Engineer]

[Soaring Feather]

Nice photo of one of our heroes. Thanks.