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Posted on 01/13/2004 12:01:13 AM PST by SAMWolf
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 are acknowledged, affirmed and commemorated.
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| Our Mission: The FReeper Foxhole is dedicated to Veterans of our Nation's military forces and to others who are affected in their relationships with Veterans. In the FReeper Foxhole, Veterans or their family members should feel free to address their specific circumstances or whatever issues concern them in an atmosphere of peace, understanding, brotherhood and support. The FReeper Foxhole hopes to share with it's readers an open forum where we can learn about and discuss military history, military news and other topics of concern or interest to our readers be they Veteran's, Current Duty or anyone interested in what we have to offer. If the Foxhole makes someone appreciate, even a little, what others have sacrificed for us, then it has accomplished one of it's missions. We hope the Foxhole in some small way helps us to remember and honor those who came before us.
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Abrams Main Battle Tank  Named after the late General Creighton W Abrams, former commander of the 37th Armoured Battalion and US Army chief of staff, the M1 Abrams is the world’s most potent main battle tank (MBT) thanks to its four principal assets:
The origins of the Abrams lie in a US plan, devised in the 1960s, to form a partnership with West Germany to develop a tank that could be used by all Nato members. The plan fell through but led to the development of the General Dynamics M1 main battle tank, a project overseen by General Abrams.  XM-1 General Dynamics delivered the first MI Abrams tank – which had a 105mm gun adapted to fire modern rounds – to the US Army in 1980. It was followed in 1985 by the M1A, which replaced the M1's main gun with a 120mm smooth-bore cannon, featured a redesigned turret and incorporated numerous enhancements, including improved suspension, increased armour protection and an NBC (nuclear-biological-chemical) protection system. In the Gulf War of 1991, the US Army and Marine Corps fielded some 1,900 M1A tanks. Their ability to fire reliably when moving at speed over rough ground – due to the Abrams' stabilised gun mount – proved more than a match for the Iraqi armoured mainstay, the Soviet-built T-72, which was out-ranged by an average of about 3280ft (1,000m). Initial concern about the M1A's combat range was eliminated by a massive re-supply operation.  M-1 (105 mm) During that war, only 18 Abrams tanks were withdrawn from service because of battle damage. Nine were written off and the remainder incurred repairable damage, principally inflicted by mines. Not a single Abrams crew was lost in the conflict, and there were few reports of mechanical failure. The first of the successor M1A2 series was delivered to the US Army's 1st Cavalry Division in the summer of 1998. This tank has all the M1A (now designated M1A1) features, plus an independent thermal viewer and weapon station for the commander. It also has Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) navigational equipment and a digital data bus and radio interface unit (IVIS -inter-vehicle information system) that provides M1A2s on the battlefield with a common picture using encrypted signals.  M1A1 HA (Heavy Armor) Abrams, 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment, Desert Storm, 1991. By the time of the recent conflict in Iraq, the M1A2 had undergone a modification programme. The digital command and control capabilities was enhanced with a mass memory unit (MMU) housing embedded battle command (EBC) software. Its combat effectiveness has been further improved with forward-looking infrared (FLIR) sights that are also linked to the EBC software. The tank's driver has an integrated display that includes steer-to-navigation data and other essential systems such as GPS. This enables him/her to move the Abrams over the battlefield without constant direction from the commander. The driver has either three observation periscopes or two periscopes on either side of his/her station and a central image-intensifying ('Starlight') periscope for night vision. The latter allows the tank to be driven at normal daylight speeds in darkness or poor visibility.  The M1A2 Abrams System Enhancement Program (SEP). The commander has six periscopes that provide an all-round 360-degree view. The independent thermal viewer (ITV) also provides the commander with independent, stabilised day and night vision with a 360-degree view, automatic sector scanning, automatic target cueing of the gunner's sight with no need for verbal communication, and a complete back-up fire control system. The commander can also fire the main gun independently of the gunner. All three versions of the Abrams tank are powered by a 1,500hp gas turbine engine, enabling them to move and manoeuvre faster than most comparable tanks and, in the case of the M1A2, accelerate from 0 to 20mph in just over seven seconds. However, even with an advanced digital fuel control system, the M1A2 gets less than a mile per gallon. To compensate, it has huge fuel tanks, giving it a tactical cruising range of 265 miles (426km) range without refuelling.  M1A2 SYSTEM ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM (SEP) The hulls and turrets of the original M1 were fitted with advanced British- developed Chobam armour. The M1A1 and MIA2 also incorporate steel-encased depleted uranium armour. Armoured bulkheads separate the crew compartments from the fuel tanks. In the recent war against Iraq, the US deployed some 325 Abrams MBTs in the initial assault against a debilitated and demoralised Iraqi enemy. Some 200 were with the 3rd Infantry Division and the remainder were with the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force. A handful of Abrams were flown in by C-17 Globemasters to support the 173rd Airborne Brigade in Kurd-controlled northern Iraq.  The DU penetrator, right after leaving the gun In the early evening of 25 March 2003, in an ambush at As Samawah on the west bank of the Euphrates, the 'Bonecrushers' of 3 Squadron (in the 7th Cavalry of the 3rd Infantry Division) lost two Abrams to direct fire from fedayeen fighters. Photographs of the damage to their hulls suggest that they were probably hit by Russian AT-14 Kornet laser-guided missiles fired from fedayeen 4x4 trucks shadowing the American advance. When the Americans broke into Baghdad, 4 Battalion (in the 64th Armor Regiment of the 3rd Infantry Division) lost two Abrams, one of which suffered an engine fire after being struck in the rear by rocket-propelled grenade (RPG) fire. Subsequently, a field modification was introduced to add protection to the Abrams' air intakes vents and exhaust ducts in the rear hull. Later photographs of these disabled tanks showed them to be badly burned. However, it is standard American practice to call in air strikes to obliterate abandoned vehicles to deny the enemy the sensitive equipment they carry.  M1A1 Abrams at the Baghdad International Airport (04/03/2003). A picture is worth a thousand words... Two US Marines were also drowned when an Abrams on which they were riding fell off a bridge into the Euphrates at Nasariya. The most modern versions of the Abrams – those earmarked for deployment through Turkey with the 4th Infantry Division, the first US division to have a complete digital battle management system – arrived in Iraq too late to have any impact on the war. Under the rolling Abrams Systems Enhancement Programme (SEP), about 1,000 M1s have been upgraded to conform with the M1A2 configuration. The US Army's modernisation strategy aims to sustain its tank fleet over the next 25 years while new weapons systems and a new engine are introduced.  Oops... In addition to equipping the US Army and US Marine Corps, General Dynamics' international sales of the Abrams have been strong: Egypt has purchased 777 M1A1 kits, and Saudi-Arabia has bought 315 M1A1s and Kuwait 218.
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You got it. Forgive a couple of spelling errors.
The Death of a Jeep
In the book "To Ride, Shoot Straight and Tell the truth" author Jeff Cooper tells the story of a German footsoldier with the nom de guerre of "Gerhard Tauchnitz." If Cooper's "Tauchnitz tale" is more that of one soldier's unconquerable will than it is of rifle marksmanship, do know that some pretty good shooting is described in the story- and the equipment used is interesting.
But the point that Cooper is trying to make is that unless someone writes such stories down, they'll be lost forever, as the men who performed such deeds die off. Sniper Country is at least one such place where some of those stories can be told, and for my first effort I thought that I'd repeat, to the best of my ability, a story from the closing days of World War II that I first heard around 1965.
The Old Soldier telling the story had spent his time in the Army Air Corps, figuring conditions would be at least more comfortable than they were at the time for an expendable mudfoot infantryman. They gave him a tech sergeant's rank and a slot in aerial photograph interpretation, doing bomb damage interpretation of targets in Norway that the Eighth Air Force wanted removed from the map. Since the young sergeant spoke a little family Norwegian, all seemed cozy in his nice, safe, rear-area job until, during the last days of the war, somebody got one of those really great ideas. Given that the Germans were pulling out of Norway, wouldn't it be a really great idea to send a team in to photograph the actual targets of the bombing runs against the estimates that the intelligence types figured the enemy had suffered...and since that one tech sergeant spoke a little Norwegian, guess who was picked to go on that little trip!
The unit had two jeeps, one with a driver, a photographer and a captain. Our fearless sergeant drove the other, and had a 2nd lieutenant with his personal camera as a spare to the "official" photographer's rig and so he could shoot any really interesting stuff that turned up. Since neither jeep had a machine-gun mount, someone thoughtfully provided a security detail in a 3/4 ton truck with a mounted thirty caliber Browning MG, a driver, a couple of scared privates with rifles and another sergeant to keep track of them. And off on their secret mission they went.
The first thing they found in Norway [under new management] was that the Germans had removed all of the highway road signs. This should have provided no great challenge to these experienced intelligence types, but within the first hour they managed to get lost anyway. And then came the difficulty that has greeted travelers since the very first roads: a fork offering the choice of two possible directions, and no such intersection appearing ANYWHERE in their area on the maps that had been provided to them.
So the Captain made one of those Command Decisions: He'd take one jeep on one fork of the road, the LT and the Tech Sgt would take the other path, and the 3/4 ton would wait at the junction- and if the truck's crew heard firing down either path, they'd do their best imitation of the Cavalry coming to the rescue.
Like lambs to the slaughter, down their respective paths these bold warriors charged, as thoughts of sugarplums, mines and snipers danced in their heads. The lieutenant and the sergeant peered carefully ahead and crossed a bridge that spanned a dry gully. About five miles beyond that they came to a village that wasn't supposed to be there, according to those ever-reliable maps they were carrying. There was wreckage in the middle of the street- a fountain perhaps, or maybe a statue. Whatever had wrecked it had not come from an aircraft's belly, but it was worth a photograph.
So they circled the mostly-residential block and came upon the blockage from the opposite side of the street, and then noticed a two-story church, complete with steeple, about three hundred yards down the street.
Now any original sniper is not going to hole up in a church steeple where his routes of escape are too easily limited by even a squad of eight or ten enemy troops. And such towers are so obvious that the real trick is to find a sniper's post where the targets can be taken under fire while they're avoiding the obvious roost- like a church steeple. Church steeples are much better hiding places for three other critters: bats, chaplains, and artillery forward observers.
The shooter in the steeple had read all the wrong books however, and introduced himself with a shot that hit the jeep in the hood. As the two passengers jumped for cover, he put a second, hurried shot into a front tire. Ten or fifteen seconds later he carefully hit the other tire that was visible to him, then as an afterthought, put five or six more into the hood and radiator. From around the edge of the rubble pile, the two new veterans of fire took stock of their assets and situation: Two personnel, two .45 automatic pistols, and three magazines of seven shots apiece. This was not state-of-the-art, even then, for three hundred yard shooting. And the sun was going down.
The good news was: maybe the guys in the truck had heard- but probably not. No grenades, no cannon fire, just the bark of the rifle fired by someone who clearly appreciated the advantage that he held over his targets, and was quite ready to exploit it.
So who was this hard-core sniper? Some SS trooper who decided to send a personal message to the Americans before he left his position? Maybe an ordinary rifleman who'd been told to delay the oncoming horde of less-than-a-dozen yanks until a given time- sundown, perhaps? Or maybe just a Norwegian who was tired of foreigners from any foreign army defiling his nation and his home town. Whoever he was, and whatever kind of equipment he was using, he could shoot.
The two G.I's voiced their thoughts to each other, as it helped replace the terror of possibilities that were undreamt of when they were safe at their base in England just 24 hours ago. How much ammo does this guy have? What if he slips out a back door and takes us from behind? And WHAT IF HE HAS FRIENDS...?
The scary possibilities were replaced by the dreams: if only we'd brought a Thompson, if only the 3/4 ton had come with us, if we only had a radio. Another shot was fired and another bullet danced off the rubble pile kicking up dust and marble chips. He knew exactly where they were.
Another shot tore through the jeep's spare tire. The two sitting ducks ducked anyway. He could get in real trouble for destroying government property like that....
Well, they had to do something. The Sergeant lined his .45 up on the very tiptop of the steeple, cranked in a little more elevation for good luck's sake, and squeezed off a shot. Both GIs could hear the solid whack as the .45 slug tore into the clapboard siding on the first floor of the building, at least 10 or 15 feet below the sniper's window. In the next ten minutes or so, the sniper fired off a clip of five rounds, all of them coming within inches of his hidden victims. This interesting but unpleasant situation had been going on for nearly an hour and the light was fading fast.
They couldn't back away; they'd be easy targets in the open. They couldn't go left or right in the street; he'd get one or the other of them for sure. And any thought of charging three hundred yards at a capable sniper was certain suicide for both of them. Their jeep was useless, and their hopes for outside assistance seemed less likely with every passing minute. If they had a guitar with them, they could have written a sad hillbilly song about the predicament that they were in.
As if things weren't bad enough, their canteens were in the back of the jeep and their throats were dusty and parched. That was when the lieutenant got the bright idea that cost them their canteens.
Only 10 or 15 feet from the back of the jeep, they were still easy targets if they ran for the water, or even tried to crawl to it. But there was another option.
The lieutenant carefully fired at the jeep, just under the seat. He fired seven times, then changed magazines and fired seven more. [He saved the last seven, however.] Once he'd had his fun, he had the sergeant fire at the same place, marked by the filler cap for the gas tank. After 28 of the big .45 slugs had torn through the little car's sheet metal, the scent of gasoline made its presence known. Shortly thereafter a hastily assembled torch was improvised from the map that had turned out to be not so useless after all, and without ceremony was pitched toward the jeep's ventilated carcass.
The result was as spectacular as they had hoped for. There was just enough light for the truck crew to figure out that Something Was Very Wrong and come to their aid. Even better, the smoke from the jeep's burning tires gave them enough concealment to escape from behind the rubble pile to the better cover of the corner of the closest building. It was a shame about the jeep, the camera and the canteens, but it was an improvement. The map was no great loss.
The Great Battle with the Sniper Somewhere in Norway was over, no more shots were fired. The two now-seasoned veterans slipped away and retreated along the road that had brought them to their day's adventure, found the bridge that they'd crossed- it seemed further back now that they were traveling on foot- and finally found the other jeep and the truck, happily unaware of the smoke plume or the gunshots down the road.
The next day the whole team cautiously returned to the village and, under the careful eye of the machine-gun, inspected the building where all the shots directed at them had come from. There wasn't so much as a cartridge case to be found, and though the burned-out jeep added to the litter in the main street, all of their empty .45 cartridge cases had been policed up as well: a tidy battlefield is a happy battlefield.
The sergeant never went anywhere off his air corps base without AT LEAST a carbine again.
-archy-/-
Members of the Ventura County Sheriff's Department with President Ronald Reagan and Russian President Mikhail Gorbachov. This photograph was taken near a section of the Berlin Wall while on display at the Ronald Reagan Library in Simi Valley.
The prewar Norwegian service pistol was a Kongsberg-built version of the M1911, also in .45, though with the metric caliber designition 11.25mm. I always wondered if maybe the guy was a reloader; I've never run across any Norwegian-issue .45 brass, but I'd assume it was Berdan primed. Designated *Model 1912* and *model 1914*, they had an interesting variation in the slide stop, but were otherwise pretty much identical to a standard-issue Colt M1911 pistol.
My former pastor, now shepherding a flock in Georgia, mentioned in one of his recent sermons the time in his youth when a local farmer's wagon turned up on the roof af a local 3-story business building, which he absolutely had no part in getting the thing up there. There's nothing all that new under the sun, though I bet the wagon didn't get up there the same way the VW beetle on the barracks did....
You'll need to practice first, of course.
Fyi there are some very nice ballistic computers for figuring distance/counterpoise weight/arm length and projectile weight. <p. -archy-/-
Just kiddding! :)
Someday soon, I'll actually have some reason to visit College Station and go see it.
Before deploying many said "You know, the LEO is a good tank too." Now- NO ONE wants to ride on anything but an M1A1 HA.
There have been M1s hit with RPGs (7,9 and 13) as much as 15 times and the crew walking away untouched. Except for ONE case where two crewmembers were killed in an event that would have resulted in the same (Probably worse) outcome regaudless of the tank, NO one was killed under armor in an M1. All were either name tape defilade, open protected or in some way exposed when shot or hit with an IED.
The M1 in its SEP version is UNMATCHED in firepower, mobility and survivability as an offensive tank. NOTHING, absolutely NOTHING keeps up with this machine. Joe, being spoiled always bad mouths his equipment but often has no idea of what he's got.
When matching advantages and disadvantages of the turbine, concider this in addition to what you said:
Turbine don't care if it's 145F outside, the diesel does!
Turbine starts easy in the cold.
Turbine is smaller and lighter, freeing up volume and weight for other things.
Turbine is MORE reliable than a complex high output diesel. Those diesels in tanks are like racing car engines. They squeeze as much as they can out of the smallest volume and weight. Two turbos, fuel injection, 4 valves per cylinder, 12 cylinders, electronic engine management- It's not a John Deer tracktor engine. But it's still cheaper than a turbine!
You can jumpstart a turbine with a HMMWV, needs little power to spin up. Forget turning over a 47 liter high compression diesel.
Turbine is quieter and can't be heard as far away.
FUEL CONSUMPTION ON AN M1 AT 20MPH IS 1MILE PER GALLON (Constant speed). It's actually better than a diesel. Even in the defense we fight a MOBILE defense. A stationary tank is a dead tank, even an M1. That's with a engine that may have been rebuilt 3 times has not been built for about 16 years and is a design from the 60s. And it still beats out NEW diesel designs in actual milage on the move or with a plow (under load). Also remember that JP-8 which we burn has less power per volume. Diesel contains more energy per liter or gallon. The M1 is also nearly 7 metric tonnes heavier than a LEO. So when these idiots do their stupid comparisons in some chat room- remember fuel and weight ALSO play a factor.
Integrated into the turbine is a cool air system and NBC system. Completely seperate systems on Diesel tanks, which requires more volume and weight.
A turbine not only smokes less at start up, but the turbine produces less soot which is very visible on the diesel tanks with the Thermals.
Unlimited power. Yes!!!! With the same weight and size you could EASILY bring WAY MORE power out of a turbine. But the hull, sprockets, tranny can't take the torque, rapid increase in power so the turbine is actually toned down. You can physically/visually warp the hull rear of an M1 if the engine is aloud to accelerate as fast as it actually can. It's governed.
What we need is the LV-100 or whatever the new turbine is called. SCREW DIESEL!
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